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<p>Color vision is thought to play a key role in the evolution of animal coloration, while achromatic vision is rarely considered as a mechanism for species recognition. Here we test the hypothesis that brightness vision rather than color vision helps <i>Adelpha fessonia</i> butterflies identify potential mates while their co-mimetic wing coloration is indiscriminable to avian predators. We examine the trichromatic visual system of <i>A. fessonia</i> and characterize its photoreceptors using RNA-seq, eyeshine, epi-microspectrophotometry, and optophysiology. We model the discriminability of its wing color patches in relation to those of its co-mimic, <i>A. basiloides</i>, through <i>A. fessonia</i> and avian eyes. Visual modeling suggests that neither <i>A. fessonia</i> nor avian predators can readily distinguish the co-mimics’ coloration using chromatic or achromatic vision under natural conditions. These results suggest that mimetic colors are well-matched to visual systems to maintain mimicry, and that mate avoidance between these two look-alike species relies on other cues.</p>

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Trichromacy is insufficient for mate detection in a mimetic butterfly

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月6日

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  • Andrew Dang,
  • Gary D. Bernard,
  • Furong Yuan,
  • Aide Macias-Muñoz,
  • Ryan I. Hill,
  • J. P. Lawrence,
  • Aline Giselle Rangel Olguin,
  • Armando Luis-Martínez,
  • Sean P. Mullen,
  • Jorge Llorente-Bousquets,
  • Adriana D. Briscoe

摘要

Color vision is thought to play a key role in the evolution of animal coloration, while achromatic vision is rarely considered as a mechanism for species recognition. Here we test the hypothesis that brightness vision rather than color vision helps Adelpha fessonia butterflies identify potential mates while their co-mimetic wing coloration is indiscriminable to avian predators. We examine the trichromatic visual system of A. fessonia and characterize its photoreceptors using RNA-seq, eyeshine, epi-microspectrophotometry, and optophysiology. We model the discriminability of its wing color patches in relation to those of its co-mimic, A. basiloides, through A. fessonia and avian eyes. Visual modeling suggests that neither A. fessonia nor avian predators can readily distinguish the co-mimics’ coloration using chromatic or achromatic vision under natural conditions. These results suggest that mimetic colors are well-matched to visual systems to maintain mimicry, and that mate avoidance between these two look-alike species relies on other cues.