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<p>Electrochemical reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) into valuable multicarbon products offers a promising pathway for carbon utilization. However, most CO electrolysers are developed for steady-state operation, whereas integration with intermittent renewable electricity may pose technical challenges. Here we show that repeated cycling between power-on and power-off modes rapidly degrades copper(Cu)-based cathodes, either through carbonate accumulation under CO-rich conditions or oxidation to Cu<sub>2</sub>O under Ar environments. To circumvent these Cu degradation issues, we introduce a controlled power-down strategy where the Cu cathode is kept at a slightly more negative potential than open-circuit potential, effectively preventing carbonate formation and Cu oxidation. This strategy enables stable dynamic operation of a CO electrolyser for more than 750 h without any significant performance loss. Techno-economic analysis indicates that dynamic operation can lower the acetic acid production cost by up to 26%, leveraging periods of lower electricity prices and thus improving viability for integrating with intermittent renewable electricity.</p><p></p>

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Copper-catalysed carbon monoxide electrolysis under dynamic operation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Wanyu Deng,
  • Ahryeon Lee,
  • Soonho Kwon,
  • Zhaoxi Wang,
  • Yifei Xu,
  • Siyang Xing,
  • Bingjun Xu,
  • Ryan Rasmussen,
  • William Andrew Goddard III,
  • Feng Jiao

摘要

Electrochemical reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) into valuable multicarbon products offers a promising pathway for carbon utilization. However, most CO electrolysers are developed for steady-state operation, whereas integration with intermittent renewable electricity may pose technical challenges. Here we show that repeated cycling between power-on and power-off modes rapidly degrades copper(Cu)-based cathodes, either through carbonate accumulation under CO-rich conditions or oxidation to Cu2O under Ar environments. To circumvent these Cu degradation issues, we introduce a controlled power-down strategy where the Cu cathode is kept at a slightly more negative potential than open-circuit potential, effectively preventing carbonate formation and Cu oxidation. This strategy enables stable dynamic operation of a CO electrolyser for more than 750 h without any significant performance loss. Techno-economic analysis indicates that dynamic operation can lower the acetic acid production cost by up to 26%, leveraging periods of lower electricity prices and thus improving viability for integrating with intermittent renewable electricity.