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<p>Quantum error detection is essential for large-scale universal quantum computation, particularly for quantum error correction. However, the key elements of fault-tolerant quantum computing with silicon qubits, including error detection with stabilizers, remain challenging. Here we report quantum error detection in a donor-based silicon quantum processor comprising four nuclear spin qubits and one electron spin auxiliary qubit. The entanglement capability of this system is validated through the establishment of two-qubit Bell-state entanglement between the nuclear spins and the generation of a four-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state with a state fidelity of 88.5 ± 2.3%. We use a four-qubit error detection circuit with stabilizers to detect arbitrary single-qubit errors. We recover the encoded Bell-state entanglement information by performing the Pauli frame update via postprocessing; on the basis of the detected errors, we identify strongly biased noise in our system.</p>

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Quantum error detection in a silicon quantum processor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Chunhui Zhang,
  • Chunhui Li,
  • Zhen Tian,
  • Yan Jiang,
  • Feng Xu,
  • Shihang Zhang,
  • Hao Wang,
  • Yu-Ning Zhang,
  • Xuesong Bai,
  • Baolong Zhao,
  • Yi-Fei Zhang,
  • Huan Shu,
  • Jiaze Liu,
  • Kunrong Wu,
  • Chao Huang,
  • Keji Shi,
  • Mingchao Duan,
  • Tao Xin,
  • Peihao Huang,
  • Tianluo Pan,
  • Song Liu,
  • Guanyong Wang,
  • Guangchong Hu,
  • Yu He,
  • Dapeng Yu

摘要

Quantum error detection is essential for large-scale universal quantum computation, particularly for quantum error correction. However, the key elements of fault-tolerant quantum computing with silicon qubits, including error detection with stabilizers, remain challenging. Here we report quantum error detection in a donor-based silicon quantum processor comprising four nuclear spin qubits and one electron spin auxiliary qubit. The entanglement capability of this system is validated through the establishment of two-qubit Bell-state entanglement between the nuclear spins and the generation of a four-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state with a state fidelity of 88.5 ± 2.3%. We use a four-qubit error detection circuit with stabilizers to detect arbitrary single-qubit errors. We recover the encoded Bell-state entanglement information by performing the Pauli frame update via postprocessing; on the basis of the detected errors, we identify strongly biased noise in our system.