<p>Sensors that are capable of three-dimensional detection of depth field information in the spatial domain are of potential use in applications such as robotics, satellite imaging and medical assistance. However, current techniques require a precise light source for complex phase detection and diffraction, or involve static multidirectional reflection imaging. Here we report a reconfigurable heterostructure transistor array for monocular three-dimensional parallax reconstruction. The phototransistors are based on heterostructures of indium gallium zinc oxide and tungsten diselenide, and can operate as n-type, p-type or ambipolar transistors depending on electrostatic modulation. The arrays can be switched between two modes: a real-time constant perception mode for static imaging and a spatiotemporal planar configuration mode with memory for dynamic imaging. To switch between the modes, the dominant carrier polarity is changed via a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible multiterminal addressing architecture. We show that the system can be used for three-dimensional morphology reconstruction, two-dimensional depth field mapping and multi-view coupling.</p>