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<p>Agricultural intensification increases crop production but often causes declines in soil biodiversity and functioning, thus threatening long-term environmental sustainability. To buffer these impacts, environmental policies aim to increase the amount of organic farming; however, this potentially compromises yield and nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Given such complexities, we evaluated the overall impacts of shifting agricultural management by comparing the effects of conventional versus organic farming on soil biodiversity (richness of 6 faunal and microbial groups), functioning (21 indicators) and crop yield on 179 global croplands across a wide range of ecological contexts, including contrasting levels of soil degradation. High crop yields did not necessarily trade off against soil biodiversity, ecosystem multifunctionality or nitrogen availability, with often positive correlations found between them. Yield, biodiversity and functioning variables showed a broad range of values within and between conventional and organic sites. Despite this large variation, we found that landscapes with 50% organic agriculture could optimize crop yields, biodiversity and multifunctionality. Our findings provide guidelines for sustainable agriculture, showing how prioritizing the transition to organic farming in moderately to highly degraded soils would maximize its benefits while minimizing yield loss.</p>

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Optimizing biodiversity, multifunctionality and yield when transitioning to organic farming

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Laura García-Velázquez,
  • Pablo Sánchez-Cueto,
  • Salvador Lladó,
  • Beatriz Gozalo,
  • Victoria Ochoa,
  • Giulia Bongiorno,
  • Anna Clocchiatti,
  • María Paula Barral,
  • Nikolaos Stathopoulos,
  • Melpomeni Zoka,
  • Mathilde Jeanbille,
  • Martin Hartmann,
  • Ron de Goede,
  • Laurent Philippot,
  • Ina Alsina,
  • Joseph Blaise Dongmo Lekagne,
  • Laila Dubova,
  • Fuensanta García-Orenes,
  • Helle Hestbjerg,
  • Daniel Johnson,
  • Luis Daniel Olivares Martínez,
  • Katja Schmidt,
  • Ximena Sirimarco,
  • Rochana Tangkoonboribun,
  • Tomas Van De Sande,
  • Toth Zoltan,
  • Cristina Yacoub,
  • Kerry Ryan,
  • Taina Pennanen,
  • Charalampos Kontoes,
  • Santiago Soliveres

摘要

Agricultural intensification increases crop production but often causes declines in soil biodiversity and functioning, thus threatening long-term environmental sustainability. To buffer these impacts, environmental policies aim to increase the amount of organic farming; however, this potentially compromises yield and nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Given such complexities, we evaluated the overall impacts of shifting agricultural management by comparing the effects of conventional versus organic farming on soil biodiversity (richness of 6 faunal and microbial groups), functioning (21 indicators) and crop yield on 179 global croplands across a wide range of ecological contexts, including contrasting levels of soil degradation. High crop yields did not necessarily trade off against soil biodiversity, ecosystem multifunctionality or nitrogen availability, with often positive correlations found between them. Yield, biodiversity and functioning variables showed a broad range of values within and between conventional and organic sites. Despite this large variation, we found that landscapes with 50% organic agriculture could optimize crop yields, biodiversity and multifunctionality. Our findings provide guidelines for sustainable agriculture, showing how prioritizing the transition to organic farming in moderately to highly degraded soils would maximize its benefits while minimizing yield loss.