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<p>Maintaining thermal comfort sustainably is critical to reduce the share of global energy used for heating and cooling. However, current radiative materials for personal thermal management typically offer a singular direction of operation (either heating or cooling), lacking intelligent and sustainable adaptability to fluctuating environments. Here we report an all-solid-state autonomous colour-changing skin (ACCS) that integrates both solar heating and radiative cooling within a single energy-efficient platform. Inspired by the adaptive behaviour of chameleon skin, the ACCS enables continuous modulation of emissivity across the solar (0.3–2.5 µm) and mid-infrared (8–13 µm) spectra. The device tunes solar absorptivity by ~40% and infrared emissivity by over 50% under a voltage bias of only ±1.3 V, maintaining each state for more than 24 h without power consumption. Outdoor tests revealed reversible temperature differences of up to 15.5 °C between heating and cooling modes, while a single smartphone battery can power over 200 full-range switching cycles. The solution-processable functional layers permit scalable fabrication via drop-casting and roll-to-roll techniques, extending applications from wearable devices to large-area environmental control. This flexible, energy-neutral platform advances adaptive personal thermoregulation and illustrates how multispectral electrochromic design can decouple human comfort from fossil fuel-based climate control, contributing to global sustainability goals.</p>

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Solution-processed electrochromics for synergistic solar and radiative heat management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Wanrong Xie,
  • Yang Deng,
  • Yihan Liu,
  • Yao Zhao,
  • Samuel J. Shin,
  • Kimberly Brown,
  • Yiyao Wang,
  • Nanqi Peng,
  • Morgan Gilbert,
  • Brayden Davis,
  • Aditya Shankar,
  • Prajwal Biradar,
  • Lin Zhang,
  • Anran Zhang,
  • Hannah Weisbecker,
  • Yizhang Wu,
  • Yihang Wang,
  • Siyuan Liu,
  • Jiacheng Tian,
  • Alexander J. M. Miller,
  • Jie Yin,
  • Willie J. Padilla,
  • Wubin Bai

摘要

Maintaining thermal comfort sustainably is critical to reduce the share of global energy used for heating and cooling. However, current radiative materials for personal thermal management typically offer a singular direction of operation (either heating or cooling), lacking intelligent and sustainable adaptability to fluctuating environments. Here we report an all-solid-state autonomous colour-changing skin (ACCS) that integrates both solar heating and radiative cooling within a single energy-efficient platform. Inspired by the adaptive behaviour of chameleon skin, the ACCS enables continuous modulation of emissivity across the solar (0.3–2.5 µm) and mid-infrared (8–13 µm) spectra. The device tunes solar absorptivity by ~40% and infrared emissivity by over 50% under a voltage bias of only ±1.3 V, maintaining each state for more than 24 h without power consumption. Outdoor tests revealed reversible temperature differences of up to 15.5 °C between heating and cooling modes, while a single smartphone battery can power over 200 full-range switching cycles. The solution-processable functional layers permit scalable fabrication via drop-casting and roll-to-roll techniques, extending applications from wearable devices to large-area environmental control. This flexible, energy-neutral platform advances adaptive personal thermoregulation and illustrates how multispectral electrochromic design can decouple human comfort from fossil fuel-based climate control, contributing to global sustainability goals.