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<p>Adolescence is a critical developmental stage in which the risk of mental health problems peaks. Passive smartphone sensing offers valuable opportunities for moment-to-moment assessment of such risk. The amount of research is growing steadily, but a quantitative synthesis of the literature is lacking. Therefore, this meta-analysis evaluated the association between passive smartphone data (e.g., GPS, call logs, and notifications) and adolescents’ (12–24 years) mental health outcomes across 45 independent samples (<i>N</i> = 2939). Findings revealed a small but significant overall effect (<i>r</i> = 0.12). Most passive data correlated with mental health outcomes, except for the number of contacts, while linguistic markers showed a significant negative correlation. Associations were not moderated by study design features or type of outcome, but were significantly stronger in non-student than in student samples. These results highlight passive smartphone sensing as a promising tool for assessing precursors of adolescent mental health and provide guidance for future research.</p>

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A multilevel meta-analysis of passive smartphone sensing of adolescent mental health

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Merel M. L. Leijse,
  • Aaliyah Hansen,
  • Imara K. Semeijn,
  • Eleonore Breuning,
  • Janneke P. C. Staaks,
  • Thimo M. van der Pol,
  • Geert-Jan J. M. Stams,
  • Arne Popma,
  • Levi van Dam

摘要

Adolescence is a critical developmental stage in which the risk of mental health problems peaks. Passive smartphone sensing offers valuable opportunities for moment-to-moment assessment of such risk. The amount of research is growing steadily, but a quantitative synthesis of the literature is lacking. Therefore, this meta-analysis evaluated the association between passive smartphone data (e.g., GPS, call logs, and notifications) and adolescents’ (12–24 years) mental health outcomes across 45 independent samples (N = 2939). Findings revealed a small but significant overall effect (r = 0.12). Most passive data correlated with mental health outcomes, except for the number of contacts, while linguistic markers showed a significant negative correlation. Associations were not moderated by study design features or type of outcome, but were significantly stronger in non-student than in student samples. These results highlight passive smartphone sensing as a promising tool for assessing precursors of adolescent mental health and provide guidance for future research.