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<p>Rainfall is increasing across the Tibetan Plateau, yet its effects on permafrost in alpine desert regions remain poorly understood. Using a validated one-dimensional land-surface model for a representative site, we conducted idealized experiments to isolate the effects of summer rainfall (SR) and extreme rainfall (ER). Increasing SR mitigated long-term permafrost degradation. ER transiently accelerated degradation during the event year but produced a long-term mitigating effect thereafter. The short- and long-term effects of ER were both modulated by background SR: as SR increased, short-term acceleration first intensified and then weakened, whereas long-term mitigation progressively declined. These responses arose from rainfall-induced changes in the surface energy balance and soil hydrothermal processes. Overall, increased SR may partly mitigate warming-driven permafrost degradation in alpine desert regions, whereas ER imposes an additional timescale-dependent effect regulated by background SR. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for interpreting rainfall–permafrost interactions across different cold region environments.</p>

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Effects of rainfall on permafrost degradation in alpine desert regions of the Tibetan Plateau

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Luyang Wang,
  • Ziteng Fu,
  • Dongliang Luo,
  • Guanli Jiang,
  • Wenxin Zhang,
  • Zhongqiong Zhang,
  • Yuzhong Yang,
  • Siru Gao,
  • Wenyan Du,
  • Qingbai Wu

摘要

Rainfall is increasing across the Tibetan Plateau, yet its effects on permafrost in alpine desert regions remain poorly understood. Using a validated one-dimensional land-surface model for a representative site, we conducted idealized experiments to isolate the effects of summer rainfall (SR) and extreme rainfall (ER). Increasing SR mitigated long-term permafrost degradation. ER transiently accelerated degradation during the event year but produced a long-term mitigating effect thereafter. The short- and long-term effects of ER were both modulated by background SR: as SR increased, short-term acceleration first intensified and then weakened, whereas long-term mitigation progressively declined. These responses arose from rainfall-induced changes in the surface energy balance and soil hydrothermal processes. Overall, increased SR may partly mitigate warming-driven permafrost degradation in alpine desert regions, whereas ER imposes an additional timescale-dependent effect regulated by background SR. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for interpreting rainfall–permafrost interactions across different cold region environments.