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<p>Urban volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), yet their long-term dynamics and health implications remain unclear across Europe. Here, we synthesize two decades of VOC observations (2002–2023) from 21 urban monitoring sites in six countries to assess emission trends, oxidation potentials, and human exposure risks. Consistent declines in total hydrocarbons were observed at most sites, reflecting the effectiveness of emission control policies. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, and benzene were the dominant contributors to ozone and SOA formation. Physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling suggests that key VOCs preferentially accumulate in the kidney and liver. The integration of atmospheric monitoring with toxicokinetic modeling provides a multi-scale understanding of how urban VOCs influence both air quality and internal human exposure, offering new insight into effective pollution control strategies.</p>

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Analysis of the abundance and impacts of volatile organic compounds across Europe

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月20日

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  • Xiansheng Liu,
  • Minghan Wang,
  • Taicheng An,
  • Xun Zhang,
  • Tao Wang,
  • Rosa Lara,
  • Marta Monge,
  • Marvin Dufresne,
  • Ana Maria Yañez-Serrano,
  • Roger Seco,
  • Marie Gohy,
  • Paul Petit,
  • Audrey Chevalier,
  • Marie-Pierre Vagnot,
  • Yann Fortier,
  • Alexia Baudic,
  • Véronique Ghersi,
  • Grégory Gille,
  • Ludovic Lanzi,
  • Valérie Gros,
  • Jean-Eudes Petit,
  • Leïla Simon,
  • Heidi Hellén,
  • Stefan Reimann,
  • Zoé Le Bras,
  • Michelle Jessy Müller,
  • David Beddows,
  • Siqi Hou,
  • Zongbo Shi,
  • Roy M. Harrison,
  • William Bloss,
  • James Dernie,
  • Stéphane Sauvage,
  • Alastair Lewis,
  • Jim Hopkins,
  • Xiaoli Duan,
  • Philip K. Hopke,
  • Andrés Alastuey,
  • Xavier Querol,
  • Thérèse Salameh

摘要

Urban volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), yet their long-term dynamics and health implications remain unclear across Europe. Here, we synthesize two decades of VOC observations (2002–2023) from 21 urban monitoring sites in six countries to assess emission trends, oxidation potentials, and human exposure risks. Consistent declines in total hydrocarbons were observed at most sites, reflecting the effectiveness of emission control policies. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, and benzene were the dominant contributors to ozone and SOA formation. Physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling suggests that key VOCs preferentially accumulate in the kidney and liver. The integration of atmospheric monitoring with toxicokinetic modeling provides a multi-scale understanding of how urban VOCs influence both air quality and internal human exposure, offering new insight into effective pollution control strategies.