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<p>Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNs), widely deployed in agriculture, are now recognized as pervasive environmental contaminants. This study reveals that the photochemical degradation of nitenpyram (NPM), a prominent NN, in the aqueous phase generates substantial fluxes of gaseous reactive nitrogen species, including nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO<sub>2</sub>). Reaction pathways, elucidated through aqueous and gas-phase product analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, demonstrate that HONO, NO<sub>2</sub>, and NO arise directly from the excited triplet state of NPM. Global modeling, parameterized by laboratory-derived kinetics, estimates annual emissions of 71.2 Gg N yr<sup>−1</sup> (NOx) and 40.7 Gg N yr<sup>−1</sup> (HONO) from NPM photodegradation. These emissions elevate boundary-layer concentrations of HONO, ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), and OH by 0.54%, 0.11%, and 0.20%, respectively, globally. Our findings uncover a significant, yet overlooked, source of reactive nitrogen that perturbs global nitrogen cycling, amplifies atmospheric oxidative capacity, and influences climate dynamics.</p>

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Aqueous photochemistry of neonicotinoids unveils a major source of atmospheric reactive nitrogen impacting global climate

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Jiangping Liu,
  • Zhu Ran,
  • Yanan Hu,
  • Dedong He,
  • Can Ye,
  • Keding Lu,
  • Haichao Wang,
  • Shuai Li,
  • Xiao Lu,
  • Jingwei Zhang,
  • Zhijiong Huang,
  • Junyu Zheng,
  • Xinming Wang,
  • Yongming Luo,
  • Sasho Gligorovski

摘要

Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNs), widely deployed in agriculture, are now recognized as pervasive environmental contaminants. This study reveals that the photochemical degradation of nitenpyram (NPM), a prominent NN, in the aqueous phase generates substantial fluxes of gaseous reactive nitrogen species, including nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2). Reaction pathways, elucidated through aqueous and gas-phase product analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, demonstrate that HONO, NO2, and NO arise directly from the excited triplet state of NPM. Global modeling, parameterized by laboratory-derived kinetics, estimates annual emissions of 71.2 Gg N yr−1 (NOx) and 40.7 Gg N yr−1 (HONO) from NPM photodegradation. These emissions elevate boundary-layer concentrations of HONO, ozone (O3), and OH by 0.54%, 0.11%, and 0.20%, respectively, globally. Our findings uncover a significant, yet overlooked, source of reactive nitrogen that perturbs global nitrogen cycling, amplifies atmospheric oxidative capacity, and influences climate dynamics.