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<p>Water scarcity is a major constraint to sustainable crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Optimizing irrigation management and planting geometry can significantly improve water productivity in common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris L.</i>), a crop highly sensitive to water deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of raised-bed planting on irrigation water use and water productivity of three bean cultivars under field conditions. The experiments were conducted during two consecutive growing seasons (2022 and 2023) using a split-plot design with three replications. Four planting methods including 80-cm raised bed with a single drip tape line (P1); 80-cm raised bed with two drip tape lines (P2); 30-cm raised bed with a single drip tape line (P3) and conventional flat cultivation with 50&#xa0;cm drip tape spacing (P4), were evaluated for three cultivars (‘Kusha’, ‘Saleh’, and ‘Line KS21492’). The results indicated that planting method and cultivar significantly affected seasonal irrigation water application, irrigation water productivity, and grain yield (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with conventional flat planting, the raised-bed treatments reduced seasonal irrigation water application by 53.9%, 33.9%, and 20.8%, while simultaneously increasing grain yield, resulting in significantly higher irrigation water productivity. The highest grain yield (2.61 t ha⁻¹) was achieved with the combination of the 30-cm raised-bed planting (P3) and the Kusha cultivar, whereas the maximum irrigation water productivity (0.55&#xa0;kg m⁻³) was recorded with the 80-cm-wide raised bed with one drip tape line (P1) combined with the Saleh cultivar. Among the evaluated treatments, the 80-cm-wide raised bed with two drip tape lines (P2) provided the most favorable balance between irrigation water savings, grain yield, and irrigation water productivity and is therefore recommended under the conditions of this study. Soil moisture measurements revealed a more uniform moisture distribution and greater water retention within the 0–40&#xa0;cm root zone under raised-bed planting. Overall, the results suggest that raised-bed planting can effectively reduce irrigation water requirements while maintaining or improving yield in common bean production. This findings can be recommended as a practical water-saving strategy for sustainable common bean production in water-limited environments.</p>

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Effect of raised-bed planting on irrigation water use and water productivity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Mustafa Goodarzi,
  • Abolfazl Hedayatipour,
  • Seyed Mohsen Seyedi

摘要

Water scarcity is a major constraint to sustainable crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Optimizing irrigation management and planting geometry can significantly improve water productivity in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a crop highly sensitive to water deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of raised-bed planting on irrigation water use and water productivity of three bean cultivars under field conditions. The experiments were conducted during two consecutive growing seasons (2022 and 2023) using a split-plot design with three replications. Four planting methods including 80-cm raised bed with a single drip tape line (P1); 80-cm raised bed with two drip tape lines (P2); 30-cm raised bed with a single drip tape line (P3) and conventional flat cultivation with 50 cm drip tape spacing (P4), were evaluated for three cultivars (‘Kusha’, ‘Saleh’, and ‘Line KS21492’). The results indicated that planting method and cultivar significantly affected seasonal irrigation water application, irrigation water productivity, and grain yield (P < 0.05). Compared with conventional flat planting, the raised-bed treatments reduced seasonal irrigation water application by 53.9%, 33.9%, and 20.8%, while simultaneously increasing grain yield, resulting in significantly higher irrigation water productivity. The highest grain yield (2.61 t ha⁻¹) was achieved with the combination of the 30-cm raised-bed planting (P3) and the Kusha cultivar, whereas the maximum irrigation water productivity (0.55 kg m⁻³) was recorded with the 80-cm-wide raised bed with one drip tape line (P1) combined with the Saleh cultivar. Among the evaluated treatments, the 80-cm-wide raised bed with two drip tape lines (P2) provided the most favorable balance between irrigation water savings, grain yield, and irrigation water productivity and is therefore recommended under the conditions of this study. Soil moisture measurements revealed a more uniform moisture distribution and greater water retention within the 0–40 cm root zone under raised-bed planting. Overall, the results suggest that raised-bed planting can effectively reduce irrigation water requirements while maintaining or improving yield in common bean production. This findings can be recommended as a practical water-saving strategy for sustainable common bean production in water-limited environments.