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<p>Primary headache disorders, including migraines and tension-type headaches (TTH), are highly prevalent globally, yet their impact in low-resource settings like Syria remains understudied. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of primary headache disorders among Syrians, assess their impact on quality of life, and identify factors contributing to observed differences compared to global data. The study is particularly relevant given Syria’s poor socioeconomic conditions and lack of health policies. From January to March 2024, data were collected from 852 accompanying companions of patients admitted to hospitals across three Syrian governorates. A validated Arabic version of the HARDSHIP questionnaire was used to screen for headache disorders, assess healthcare utilization, and evaluate quality of life. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression to identify factors associated with migraines and TTH. The one-year prevalence of headaches was 82.5%, with migraines reported by 34.6% of participants and TTH by 35.4%. Females were significantly more likely to experience migraines (40.1%) compared to males (24.6%), while TTH was more prevalent in males (46.8%) than females (29.2%). Logistic regression indicated that being female was strongly associated with migraine (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.72–3.56, p &lt; 0.001) and inversely associated with TTH (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.33–0.65, p &lt; 0.001). Employment was associated with higher odds of migraine (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.15–2.53, p = 0.01), and each additional year of education was associated with a slight increase in the odds of TTH (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07, p = 0.04). Probable medication overuse headache (pMOH) was reported by 7.7% of participants, with a higher prevalence among females (9.8%). Quality of life was significantly lower in individuals with pMOH compared to those without headaches. This study highlights a high prevalence of primary headache disorders in Syria, particularly among females, and underscores the significant burden these conditions place on quality of life. The findings suggest that socioeconomic factors and limited access to healthcare may exacerbate headache-related disabilities. These results call for improved diagnostic practices, targeted interventions, and health policies to address the growing burden of headache disorders in low-resource settings. Further research is needed to explore the underlying causes and develop effective management strategies. </p>

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Crisis and cephalalgia: screening for primary headache disorders in a syrian population—a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Omran Janoud,
  • Anas Bitar,
  • Omran Abo Moghdeb,
  • Raya Alok,
  • Rana Awwad,
  • Khozama Amer,
  • Kamal Gharz Aldeen,
  • Nebal Khayou,
  • Khaldoun Faraj,
  • Ghofran Hamid,
  • Dima Faraj,
  • Kinan Samir Jafar,
  • Ghena Alhadwah,
  • Shemaa Farhan,
  • Ghassan Hamzeh

摘要

Primary headache disorders, including migraines and tension-type headaches (TTH), are highly prevalent globally, yet their impact in low-resource settings like Syria remains understudied. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of primary headache disorders among Syrians, assess their impact on quality of life, and identify factors contributing to observed differences compared to global data. The study is particularly relevant given Syria’s poor socioeconomic conditions and lack of health policies. From January to March 2024, data were collected from 852 accompanying companions of patients admitted to hospitals across three Syrian governorates. A validated Arabic version of the HARDSHIP questionnaire was used to screen for headache disorders, assess healthcare utilization, and evaluate quality of life. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression to identify factors associated with migraines and TTH. The one-year prevalence of headaches was 82.5%, with migraines reported by 34.6% of participants and TTH by 35.4%. Females were significantly more likely to experience migraines (40.1%) compared to males (24.6%), while TTH was more prevalent in males (46.8%) than females (29.2%). Logistic regression indicated that being female was strongly associated with migraine (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.72–3.56, p < 0.001) and inversely associated with TTH (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.33–0.65, p < 0.001). Employment was associated with higher odds of migraine (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.15–2.53, p = 0.01), and each additional year of education was associated with a slight increase in the odds of TTH (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07, p = 0.04). Probable medication overuse headache (pMOH) was reported by 7.7% of participants, with a higher prevalence among females (9.8%). Quality of life was significantly lower in individuals with pMOH compared to those without headaches. This study highlights a high prevalence of primary headache disorders in Syria, particularly among females, and underscores the significant burden these conditions place on quality of life. The findings suggest that socioeconomic factors and limited access to healthcare may exacerbate headache-related disabilities. These results call for improved diagnostic practices, targeted interventions, and health policies to address the growing burden of headache disorders in low-resource settings. Further research is needed to explore the underlying causes and develop effective management strategies.