<p>Underwater acoustic communications are limited by low information capacity and data rate. While orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) multiplexing can address these issues, conventional OAM beams scale poorly in realistic ocean environments over long distances because their beam diameter increases with topological charge, amplifying crosstalk and alignment sensitivity over range. We address these challenges by introducing acoustic iso-propagation vortices (IPVs), engineered superpositions of OAM modes whose far-field envelope is effectively independent of the OAM topological charge, thus preserving a fixed spatial profile while retaining an orthogonal set of OAM states for multiplexing. The design leverages recent optical IPV theory in acoustics and is compatible with the existing transducer arrays used in previous studies. We evaluate the propagation characteristics and modal-domain demultiplexing performance of multiplexed IPV channels using coherent-field BELLHOP simulations in a 5000-m-deep ocean environment with a depth-dependent Munk sound-speed profile, a pressure-release sea surface to simulate real ocean environment. Our theoretical study shows that, compared with conventional OAM beams, IPVs (i) maintain near-constant beam width across OAM topological charges, (ii) increase robustness by reducing modal coupling under turbulence and multipath propagation, and (iii) improve demultiplexing fidelity without increasing Receiver array aperture size or transmit power. These results indicate that, rather than OAM serving only as a fragile information-encoding capacity booster, acoustic IPVs have the potential to become a scalable physical-layer primitive for long-range, highly reliable underwater communication, and suggest immediate extensions to resilient MIMO-based underwater wireless communications and wide-aperture sonar.</p>

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Acoustic iso-propagation vortices for robust underwater communications

  • Jianyu Hua,
  • Chenzhe Wang,
  • Tianye Zhang,
  • Mark E. Kelly,
  • Yan Deng,
  • Ge Wang,
  • John Kim,
  • Chengzhi Shi

摘要

Underwater acoustic communications are limited by low information capacity and data rate. While orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) multiplexing can address these issues, conventional OAM beams scale poorly in realistic ocean environments over long distances because their beam diameter increases with topological charge, amplifying crosstalk and alignment sensitivity over range. We address these challenges by introducing acoustic iso-propagation vortices (IPVs), engineered superpositions of OAM modes whose far-field envelope is effectively independent of the OAM topological charge, thus preserving a fixed spatial profile while retaining an orthogonal set of OAM states for multiplexing. The design leverages recent optical IPV theory in acoustics and is compatible with the existing transducer arrays used in previous studies. We evaluate the propagation characteristics and modal-domain demultiplexing performance of multiplexed IPV channels using coherent-field BELLHOP simulations in a 5000-m-deep ocean environment with a depth-dependent Munk sound-speed profile, a pressure-release sea surface to simulate real ocean environment. Our theoretical study shows that, compared with conventional OAM beams, IPVs (i) maintain near-constant beam width across OAM topological charges, (ii) increase robustness by reducing modal coupling under turbulence and multipath propagation, and (iii) improve demultiplexing fidelity without increasing Receiver array aperture size or transmit power. These results indicate that, rather than OAM serving only as a fragile information-encoding capacity booster, acoustic IPVs have the potential to become a scalable physical-layer primitive for long-range, highly reliable underwater communication, and suggest immediate extensions to resilient MIMO-based underwater wireless communications and wide-aperture sonar.