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<p>Certified respirators, like KN95 N95, FFP2 and KF94, can offer strong protection against airborne particulates, but their effectiveness relies on proper fit and donning. This study evaluated how well children aged 6–13 years in Kathmandu, Nepal, and Bandung City, Indonesia, could independently don two child-marketed KN95-style respirators without guidance. Among 348 participants, only 21.8% met all seven essential donning criteria, though 79.6% successfully completed at least five steps. While this suggests a promising baseline, the most frequent mistake, improperly shaping the nose clip, could potentially compromise respirator effectiveness. Older children and girls generally performed better, and prior experience with KN95-style respirators was linked to greater confidence and improved technique. Respirator design also played a role in donning success. These findings reveal a critical gap between general mask-wearing familiarity and the specific skills needed for effective respirator use. The study highlights the urgent need for child-friendly respirator designs and accessible training materials, especially in regions where air pollution poses serious health risks.</p>

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Observational evaluation of children’s respirator donning ability in Indonesia and Nepal

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Judith Covey,
  • Sarah Nila,
  • Chandika Shrestha,
  • Hastin Melur Maharti,
  • Claire J. Horwell,
  • Kusum Shahi,
  • Dicky C. Pelupessy,
  • Meghnath Dhimal,
  • Rachel L. Kendal

摘要

Certified respirators, like KN95 N95, FFP2 and KF94, can offer strong protection against airborne particulates, but their effectiveness relies on proper fit and donning. This study evaluated how well children aged 6–13 years in Kathmandu, Nepal, and Bandung City, Indonesia, could independently don two child-marketed KN95-style respirators without guidance. Among 348 participants, only 21.8% met all seven essential donning criteria, though 79.6% successfully completed at least five steps. While this suggests a promising baseline, the most frequent mistake, improperly shaping the nose clip, could potentially compromise respirator effectiveness. Older children and girls generally performed better, and prior experience with KN95-style respirators was linked to greater confidence and improved technique. Respirator design also played a role in donning success. These findings reveal a critical gap between general mask-wearing familiarity and the specific skills needed for effective respirator use. The study highlights the urgent need for child-friendly respirator designs and accessible training materials, especially in regions where air pollution poses serious health risks.