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<p>Viral hepatitis is a significant global public health challenge. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is accountable for the majority of the challenges. The main transmission mode of HBV in highly endemic countries is perinatal. However, there is limited evidence on the incidence of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and its associated factors in Ethiopia impacting the implementation of tailored control interventions. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the incidence of MTCT of HBV and its associated factors. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted among 110 infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers from February 2023 to February 2024 in selected public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Follow-up evaluations were conducted at birth and at 9 months post-delivery. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of mother-infant pairs, and laboratory investigations were assessed to determine the incidence of MTCT and associated factors. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize infant characteristics. Poisson regression model with robust standard errors was employed to identify factors associated with MTCT of HBV. The level of significance was set at <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05. The mean age of the mothers was 28 ± 4.9 years. Of the 110 mothers positive for HBsAg, 10(9.1%) were positive for HBeAg and 11(10.1%) had &gt; 200,000 IU/mL HBV DNA concentration. The incidence of MTCT of HBV was 9(8.2%) (95% CI: 4.0–15.4%). Infants who received only pentavalent vaccination starting at 6 weeks post-delivery were at risk to MTCT of HBV than infants received HepB-BD± HBIG vaccine (<i>P</i> = 0.006). Maternal HBV viral load &gt; 200,000 IU/mL (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.035), maternal HBeAg positivity (<i>P =</i> 0.020), and premature rupture of membranes (<i>P</i> = 0.027) were significantly associated with MTCT. A considerable number of infants acquired HBV infection from their mothers. Timely universal HepB-BD vaccination, routine maternal HBV viral load monitoring and timely antiretroviral treatment for mothers with HBV positive HBeAg and/or DNA &gt; 200,000 IU/mL are essential to reduce the incidence of MTCT of HBV.</p>

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Incidence of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Gadissa Gutema,
  • Habteyes Hailu Tola,
  • Dereje Leta,
  • Birra Bejiga,
  • Chala Besha,
  • Mehari Meles,
  • Dereje Bekele,
  • Feyissa Challa,
  • Gemechu Tadesse,
  • Nega Berhe,
  • Catherine Feerland,
  • Hassen Mamo

摘要

Viral hepatitis is a significant global public health challenge. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is accountable for the majority of the challenges. The main transmission mode of HBV in highly endemic countries is perinatal. However, there is limited evidence on the incidence of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and its associated factors in Ethiopia impacting the implementation of tailored control interventions. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the incidence of MTCT of HBV and its associated factors. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted among 110 infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers from February 2023 to February 2024 in selected public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Follow-up evaluations were conducted at birth and at 9 months post-delivery. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of mother-infant pairs, and laboratory investigations were assessed to determine the incidence of MTCT and associated factors. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize infant characteristics. Poisson regression model with robust standard errors was employed to identify factors associated with MTCT of HBV. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The mean age of the mothers was 28 ± 4.9 years. Of the 110 mothers positive for HBsAg, 10(9.1%) were positive for HBeAg and 11(10.1%) had > 200,000 IU/mL HBV DNA concentration. The incidence of MTCT of HBV was 9(8.2%) (95% CI: 4.0–15.4%). Infants who received only pentavalent vaccination starting at 6 weeks post-delivery were at risk to MTCT of HBV than infants received HepB-BD± HBIG vaccine (P = 0.006). Maternal HBV viral load > 200,000 IU/mL (P < 0.035), maternal HBeAg positivity (P = 0.020), and premature rupture of membranes (P = 0.027) were significantly associated with MTCT. A considerable number of infants acquired HBV infection from their mothers. Timely universal HepB-BD vaccination, routine maternal HBV viral load monitoring and timely antiretroviral treatment for mothers with HBV positive HBeAg and/or DNA > 200,000 IU/mL are essential to reduce the incidence of MTCT of HBV.