<p>Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss and corresponding visual field (VF) impairment. Although traditionally viewed as an ocular disease, accumulating evidence suggests involvement of central nervous system structures, particularly the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 67 participants: 25 with bilateral early-stage glaucoma, 27 with bilateral advanced-stage glaucoma, and 15 age-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent 7‑Tesla magnetic resonance imaging, including high-resolution 3D T1‑weighted and magnetization transfer‑weighted SILENT sequences. LGN volumes were manually segmented, and whole‑brain volumetry was assessed with FreeSurfer. Compared with both early glaucoma patients and healthy controls, advanced glaucoma patients presented significantly reduced LGN volumes. LGN volume was positively correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, particularly in the superior and inferior quadrants, and decreased with increasing visual field loss expressed as mean deviation (MD). The correlation between LGN volume and MD was stronger for the right side than for the left side. No significant volumetric differences were observed in other major visual or brain regions across groups. These findings support structural involvement of the central visual pathway in glaucoma and suggest that LGN volume may reflect disease severity, particularly in advanced stages. At present, 7 Tesla MRI should be considered primarily as a research tool that may complement understanding of glaucoma related visual pathway changes.</p>