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<p>Hypertension is an increasingly recognized non-communicable disease among people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The coexistence of HIV infection, long-term antiretroviral therapy, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors may increase the burden of hypertension in this population. To assess the prevalence of hypertension and factors associated with hypertension among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART in selected referral hospitals in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2025 among 422 adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving HAART at three referral hospitals. Data on socio-demographic, behavioral, anthropometric, biochemical, and HIV-specific factors were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Blood pressure was measured using a validated automated digital oscillometric device with an appropriately sized cuff. Measurements were taken after participants had rested for at least 5&#xa0;min in a seated position. Three readings were taken at 1–2-minute intervals on the same arm, and the average of the second and third readings was used for analysis. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or current use of antihypertensive medication. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 47.4%. Obesity (BMI ≥ 30&#xa0;kg/m²) (AOR = 7.7; 95% CI: 5.05–19.1), elevated LDL cholesterol (&gt; 200&#xa0;mg/dL) (AOR = 5.6; 95% CI: 1.45–11.34), low HDL cholesterol (&lt; 60&#xa0;mg/dL) (AOR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–5.61), and fasting blood sugar ≥ 126&#xa0;mg/dL (AOR = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.22–16.76) were significantly associated with hypertension. HIV-related factors, including duration of HIV diagnosis &gt; 20 years (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.44–11.93), CD4⁺ count &lt; 350 cells/mm³ (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.51–8.54), high viral load (&gt; 1,000 copies/mL) (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.89–8.74), and advanced HIV stage (Stage IV) (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.41–7.74), were independently associated with hypertension. Hypertension was highly prevalent among adult HIV patients receiving HAART. Obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated fasting blood glucose, longer duration of HIV infection, low CD4 count, high viral load, and advanced HIV stage were independently associated with hypertension. Integration of cardiovascular risk screening and management into routine HIV care may help reduce the burden of hypertension in this population.</p>

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Hypertension and associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Deresse Sinamaw Asmare,
  • Baye Ashenef

摘要

Hypertension is an increasingly recognized non-communicable disease among people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The coexistence of HIV infection, long-term antiretroviral therapy, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors may increase the burden of hypertension in this population. To assess the prevalence of hypertension and factors associated with hypertension among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART in selected referral hospitals in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2025 among 422 adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving HAART at three referral hospitals. Data on socio-demographic, behavioral, anthropometric, biochemical, and HIV-specific factors were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Blood pressure was measured using a validated automated digital oscillometric device with an appropriately sized cuff. Measurements were taken after participants had rested for at least 5 min in a seated position. Three readings were taken at 1–2-minute intervals on the same arm, and the average of the second and third readings was used for analysis. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or current use of antihypertensive medication. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 47.4%. Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) (AOR = 7.7; 95% CI: 5.05–19.1), elevated LDL cholesterol (> 200 mg/dL) (AOR = 5.6; 95% CI: 1.45–11.34), low HDL cholesterol (< 60 mg/dL) (AOR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–5.61), and fasting blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dL (AOR = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.22–16.76) were significantly associated with hypertension. HIV-related factors, including duration of HIV diagnosis > 20 years (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.44–11.93), CD4⁺ count < 350 cells/mm³ (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.51–8.54), high viral load (> 1,000 copies/mL) (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.89–8.74), and advanced HIV stage (Stage IV) (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.41–7.74), were independently associated with hypertension. Hypertension was highly prevalent among adult HIV patients receiving HAART. Obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated fasting blood glucose, longer duration of HIV infection, low CD4 count, high viral load, and advanced HIV stage were independently associated with hypertension. Integration of cardiovascular risk screening and management into routine HIV care may help reduce the burden of hypertension in this population.