<p>Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among breast cancer survivors varies widely from diagnosis through post-treatment; however, distinct recovery patterns remain underexplored. In this study, we used a person-centered longitudinal approach to examine the HRQoL patterns and factors associated with HRQoL profile membership. A total of 262 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were assessed at diagnosis and again one year after completing primary treatment. Latent profile analysis identified three baseline HRQoL Clusters (Low, Moderate, High), and a fourth cluster emerged at follow-up, characterized by low social well-being but preserved physical and emotional functioning. Latent transition analysis showed that for participants in the High HRQoL Cluster, the probability of remaining stable was 0.778, while for those in the Low HRQoL Cluster, the probability of improving to the Moderate HRQoL Cluster was 0.605. Furthermore, for the Moderate Cluster, the transition probability to the socially vulnerable cluster was 0.454. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that psychological distress and having a spouse were significantly associated with HRQoL profile membership at diagnosis and one year after treatment. These findings highlight the potential value of early assessment and ongoing monitoring during survivorship. The findings may inform the development of tailored survivorship care approaches for survivors who experience persistent or emerging challenges in well-being.</p>