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<p>Persistent microplastic (MPs) pollution threatens even rare extreme environments, yet its extent in shallow-water hydrothermal vent (HV) ecosystems remains little characterized. This study documents tissue-specific MPs bioaccumulation in the sulfur-rich vent crab, <i>Xenograpsus testudinatus</i>. We investigated the frequency and features of MPs in 85 individuals and their habitat using transmission Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). MPs were detected in 76.47% of the crabs, with the highest burden in the midgut (45.56%) followed by the hepatopancreas and gills, indicating environmental transfer and clear internalization. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation matrices revealed distinct, organ-specific accumulation patterns: a tightly correlated cluster linked fibers and red particles to ingestion routes in the midgut and hepatopancreas, while fragments segregated independently along a mechanical trapping vector in the gills. Chemical characterization identified polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as dominant polymer signatures detected within the sample pools, reflecting characteristics typically associated with local fishing gear and consumer waste. This is consistent with a direct anthropogenic input pathway into the vent community. The observed MPs accumulation establishes the high efficiency of direct environmental transfer into this benthic detritivore, thereby highlighting its potential role as a candidate indicator species for pollution at the base of this unique ecosystem. Although <i>X. testudinatus</i> exhibits resilience to localized extreme chemical conditions, the chronic internal accumulation of microplastics introduces a novel physical stressor whose long-term implications on individual fitness and broader trophic balance warrant further physiological investigation.</p>

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Tissue-specific bioaccumulation of microplastics in the shallow water hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Mark June S. Consigna,
  • Subramani Thirunavukkarasu,
  • Li-Chun Tseng,
  • Deyuan Yang,
  • Yi-Ta Shao,
  • Jiang-Shiou Hwang

摘要

Persistent microplastic (MPs) pollution threatens even rare extreme environments, yet its extent in shallow-water hydrothermal vent (HV) ecosystems remains little characterized. This study documents tissue-specific MPs bioaccumulation in the sulfur-rich vent crab, Xenograpsus testudinatus. We investigated the frequency and features of MPs in 85 individuals and their habitat using transmission Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). MPs were detected in 76.47% of the crabs, with the highest burden in the midgut (45.56%) followed by the hepatopancreas and gills, indicating environmental transfer and clear internalization. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation matrices revealed distinct, organ-specific accumulation patterns: a tightly correlated cluster linked fibers and red particles to ingestion routes in the midgut and hepatopancreas, while fragments segregated independently along a mechanical trapping vector in the gills. Chemical characterization identified polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as dominant polymer signatures detected within the sample pools, reflecting characteristics typically associated with local fishing gear and consumer waste. This is consistent with a direct anthropogenic input pathway into the vent community. The observed MPs accumulation establishes the high efficiency of direct environmental transfer into this benthic detritivore, thereby highlighting its potential role as a candidate indicator species for pollution at the base of this unique ecosystem. Although X. testudinatus exhibits resilience to localized extreme chemical conditions, the chronic internal accumulation of microplastics introduces a novel physical stressor whose long-term implications on individual fitness and broader trophic balance warrant further physiological investigation.