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<p>Reproducible rapid soil mass movements in controlled large-scale slope experiments enable the evaluation of structural vulnerability and potential human impacts in mountainous residential areas exposed to landslides. Achieving reproducible rapid sliding in a large-scale experiment is considerably more challenging than realizing it in small-scale experiments because seepage localization and deformation responses vary with scale. This study identified and experimentally validated hydraulic and geometric boundary conditions that enabled consistent rapid basal sliding in a large-scale slope simulator. The berm layout, slope angle, and inclined sand layer installation were refined through repeated large-scale experiments. Finite element seepage analysis identified that a water level of 0.4&#xa0;m promoted basal infiltration while limiting premature near-surface instability. Under the validated boundary configuration, rapid basal sliding along the simulator base was reproduced in three consecutive experiments, with the sliding velocities ranging from 4.30 to 4.60&#xa0;m/s. The consistent failure mode and comparable sliding velocities achieved across repeated experiments confirmed the reproducibility of conditions supporting rapid soil mass movements at a large scale. These findings establish experimentally validated boundary conditions for reproducible large-scale rapid sliding and provide a basis for evaluating structural vulnerability and developing mitigation strategies in landslide-prone environments.</p>

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Design and validation of boundary conditions for rapid soil mass movement in large-scale slope experiments

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Young-Hak Lee,
  • Gun-ha Na,
  • Hyo-Sung Song,
  • Seung-Jae Lee,
  • Jae-Jeong Kim

摘要

Reproducible rapid soil mass movements in controlled large-scale slope experiments enable the evaluation of structural vulnerability and potential human impacts in mountainous residential areas exposed to landslides. Achieving reproducible rapid sliding in a large-scale experiment is considerably more challenging than realizing it in small-scale experiments because seepage localization and deformation responses vary with scale. This study identified and experimentally validated hydraulic and geometric boundary conditions that enabled consistent rapid basal sliding in a large-scale slope simulator. The berm layout, slope angle, and inclined sand layer installation were refined through repeated large-scale experiments. Finite element seepage analysis identified that a water level of 0.4 m promoted basal infiltration while limiting premature near-surface instability. Under the validated boundary configuration, rapid basal sliding along the simulator base was reproduced in three consecutive experiments, with the sliding velocities ranging from 4.30 to 4.60 m/s. The consistent failure mode and comparable sliding velocities achieved across repeated experiments confirmed the reproducibility of conditions supporting rapid soil mass movements at a large scale. These findings establish experimentally validated boundary conditions for reproducible large-scale rapid sliding and provide a basis for evaluating structural vulnerability and developing mitigation strategies in landslide-prone environments.