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<p><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> represents a considerable public health threat due to its role in severe human infections and a significant economic burden in aquaculture. To assess the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence, and resistance genes, and pathogenicity of <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i>, 200 <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> were obtained from commercial fish farms in Port Said, Egypt, and underwent clinical, postmortem, and bacteriological examinations. Herein, the overall prevalence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> was 20%, and the liver was recognized as the most prominently affected organ. Sequencing of the <i>opr</i>L gene showed that the examined strains shared notable genetic homology with other <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains from the United Kingdom, USA, India, China, and Japan. The recovered <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains showed remarkable resistance to tetracycline, amoxicillin, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamycin, erythromycin, and cefotaxime. Notably, a 6.4% imipenem resistance rate was observed among the retrieved strains, indicating a carbapenem-resistant phenotype. PCR ascertained that the most common virulence genes inherited by the recovered strains were the <i>opr</i>L (100%), <i>tox</i>A (94.9%), <i>apr</i>A (47.4%), <i>exo</i>S (38.4%), and <i>phz</i>M (35.9%) genes. A total of 64.1% of the tested <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to seven classes and harbored the <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub>, <i>sul</i>1, <i>tet</i>A, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX−M1</sub>, and <i>aad</i>A1 genes. Additionally, 6.4% of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) to eight classes and harbored the <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub>, <i>sul</i>1, <i>tet</i>A, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX−M1</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>NDM−1</sub>, and <i>aad</i>A1 genes. The pathogenicity assay revealed a positive correlation between isolate virulence and the recorded mortality rate. In summary, the detection of XDR and MDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in <i>O. niloticus</i> poses a potential public health concern. These strains commonly harbor the resistance genes <i>tet</i>A, <i>sul</i>1, <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub>, <i>aad</i>A1, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX−M1</sub>, and <i>bla</i><sub>NDM−1</sub>, alongside the virulence genes <i>opr</i>L, <i>tox</i>A, <i>apr</i>A, <i>exo</i>S, and <i>phz</i>M.</p>

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Emerging XDR and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from Oreochromis niloticus reveal high pathogenicity, virulence determinants, antimicrobial resistance genes, and oprL sequence diversity

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Abdelazeem M. Algammal,
  • Mahmoud Mabrok,
  • Bian K. Almessiry,
  • Banan Atwah,
  • Saad Alghamdi,
  • Mohammed B. Alsharif,
  • Madeha O. I. Ghobashy,
  • Maryam Alenize,
  • Enas A. Almanzalawi,
  • Fatma Alzahraa N. Aboelftouh,
  • Reham M. El-Tarabili

摘要

Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a considerable public health threat due to its role in severe human infections and a significant economic burden in aquaculture. To assess the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence, and resistance genes, and pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, 200 Oreochromis niloticus were obtained from commercial fish farms in Port Said, Egypt, and underwent clinical, postmortem, and bacteriological examinations. Herein, the overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa was 20%, and the liver was recognized as the most prominently affected organ. Sequencing of the oprL gene showed that the examined strains shared notable genetic homology with other P. aeruginosa strains from the United Kingdom, USA, India, China, and Japan. The recovered P. aeruginosa strains showed remarkable resistance to tetracycline, amoxicillin, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamycin, erythromycin, and cefotaxime. Notably, a 6.4% imipenem resistance rate was observed among the retrieved strains, indicating a carbapenem-resistant phenotype. PCR ascertained that the most common virulence genes inherited by the recovered strains were the oprL (100%), toxA (94.9%), aprA (47.4%), exoS (38.4%), and phzM (35.9%) genes. A total of 64.1% of the tested P. aeruginosa strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to seven classes and harbored the blaTEM, sul1, tetA, blaCTX−M1, and aadA1 genes. Additionally, 6.4% of P. aeruginosa strains were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) to eight classes and harbored the blaTEM, sul1, tetA, blaCTX−M1, blaNDM−1, and aadA1 genes. The pathogenicity assay revealed a positive correlation between isolate virulence and the recorded mortality rate. In summary, the detection of XDR and MDR P. aeruginosa in O. niloticus poses a potential public health concern. These strains commonly harbor the resistance genes tetA, sul1, blaTEM, aadA1, blaCTX−M1, and blaNDM−1, alongside the virulence genes oprL, toxA, aprA, exoS, and phzM.