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<p>As the civil aviation industry continues to demand higher levels of navigation system integrity and availability, conducting airworthiness compliance assessments of GPS RAIM/FDE technology in accordance with the latest RTCA DO-401 standard has become a core industry requirement. To address the clear limitations of existing assessment studies in terms of scenario coverage completeness, real-world environmental disturbance simulation, and quantitative analysis of technical effectiveness, this paper establishes a multi-scenario, high-fidelity, and quantitative evaluation framework tailored for airworthiness certification. This framework strictly adheres to the DO-401 standard, employing the specified 24-satellite reference constellation and comprehensive error models including satellite orbital errors, ionospheric/tropospheric delays, and multipath effects. It further constructs a global spatiotemporal analysis grid covering 2,353 geographic points and 144 time epochs (totaling 338,832 sample points), ensuring global representativeness and statistical significance of the assessment results; it also introduces a risk-aware proxy computation method for HPL to facilitate large-scale efficient computation. Based on this framework, the study systematically quantifies the Availability of Detection (AoD) and Availability of Exclusion (AoE) for GPS-only and GPS/barometric altimeter aiding configurations across en-route, terminal, Non-precision Approach (NPA), and RNP Authorization Required Approach(RNP AR) phases, and thoroughly analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of RAIM outage. The results demonstrate that, under the GPS-only configuration, the AoD and AoE for all flight phases meet or exceed the minimum requirements of DO-401. With the introduction of barometric altimeter aiding, system availability is significantly enhanced; notably, in the RNP AR phase, AoE improves from 49.011% to 64.172%, and the outage duration is reduced by 29.7%, effectively strengthening integrity support during high-precision flight operations. These quantified results, including the specific AoD/AoE values for each phase, RAIM outage counts and durations, and the gains from Baro-aiding, can directly serve as data benchmarks for airworthiness compliance verification, receiver FDE algorithm tuning, and future multi-constellation RAIM standard development, providing clear technical references for engineering practice and certification. This study offers reproducible and quantifiable technical support and data evidence for the airworthiness certification of civil aviation GPS navigation systems, and validates the engineering practicality of the proposed evaluation framework in large-scale integrity analyses.</p>

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Airworthiness compliance assessment of GPS RAIM/FDE availability and outage characteristics with barometric aiding across multiple flight phases under RTCA DO-401

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Shaoxin Wang,
  • Yonghui Li,
  • Wenxuan Zhang,
  • Luping Pan,
  • Yanbin Wang,
  • Lianshan Yan

摘要

As the civil aviation industry continues to demand higher levels of navigation system integrity and availability, conducting airworthiness compliance assessments of GPS RAIM/FDE technology in accordance with the latest RTCA DO-401 standard has become a core industry requirement. To address the clear limitations of existing assessment studies in terms of scenario coverage completeness, real-world environmental disturbance simulation, and quantitative analysis of technical effectiveness, this paper establishes a multi-scenario, high-fidelity, and quantitative evaluation framework tailored for airworthiness certification. This framework strictly adheres to the DO-401 standard, employing the specified 24-satellite reference constellation and comprehensive error models including satellite orbital errors, ionospheric/tropospheric delays, and multipath effects. It further constructs a global spatiotemporal analysis grid covering 2,353 geographic points and 144 time epochs (totaling 338,832 sample points), ensuring global representativeness and statistical significance of the assessment results; it also introduces a risk-aware proxy computation method for HPL to facilitate large-scale efficient computation. Based on this framework, the study systematically quantifies the Availability of Detection (AoD) and Availability of Exclusion (AoE) for GPS-only and GPS/barometric altimeter aiding configurations across en-route, terminal, Non-precision Approach (NPA), and RNP Authorization Required Approach(RNP AR) phases, and thoroughly analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of RAIM outage. The results demonstrate that, under the GPS-only configuration, the AoD and AoE for all flight phases meet or exceed the minimum requirements of DO-401. With the introduction of barometric altimeter aiding, system availability is significantly enhanced; notably, in the RNP AR phase, AoE improves from 49.011% to 64.172%, and the outage duration is reduced by 29.7%, effectively strengthening integrity support during high-precision flight operations. These quantified results, including the specific AoD/AoE values for each phase, RAIM outage counts and durations, and the gains from Baro-aiding, can directly serve as data benchmarks for airworthiness compliance verification, receiver FDE algorithm tuning, and future multi-constellation RAIM standard development, providing clear technical references for engineering practice and certification. This study offers reproducible and quantifiable technical support and data evidence for the airworthiness certification of civil aviation GPS navigation systems, and validates the engineering practicality of the proposed evaluation framework in large-scale integrity analyses.