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<p>Standalone and hybrid renewable energy systems often face grid instability, intermittent generation, and unpredictable loads, necessitating fast-responding storage technologies to complement conventional batteries. This study evaluates supercapacitor-based hybrid energy storage systems through simulation, prototype development, and experimental validation. A MATLAB/Simulink model simulated charge-discharge dynamics and power-sharing in hybrid setups integrating supercapacitors with lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. A laboratory-scale prototype (incorporating solar panels, DC loads, and an Arduino-based controller with XBee for real-time wireless monitoring) was tested under dynamic load variations and changing environmental conditions. Key performance metrics included voltage regulation (steady-state deviation), transient response time, peak power handling, and battery stress reduction. Experimental results demonstrated improved voltage regulation with deviations limited to &lt; 2% under step-load changes (compared to &gt; 10% in battery-only configurations), transient response times reduced to &lt; 50 ms, and effective management of peak demands up to 5 times nominal load. Supercapacitors handled high-frequency transients, reducing battery current peaks by up to 70% and extending cycle life. Real-time data from multiple scenarios confirmed stable power flow and efficient component coordination. These findings highlight the practical benefits of supercapacitor integration for enhanced reliability and performance in renewable and off-grid systems.</p>

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Performance evaluation of supercapacitor-based energy storage systems in hybrid renewable energy configurations

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Husam S. Samkari,
  • Mohammed F. Allehyani,
  • Nasser Alanazi,
  • Bassam Alanazi,
  • Hazem M. El-Hageen

摘要

Standalone and hybrid renewable energy systems often face grid instability, intermittent generation, and unpredictable loads, necessitating fast-responding storage technologies to complement conventional batteries. This study evaluates supercapacitor-based hybrid energy storage systems through simulation, prototype development, and experimental validation. A MATLAB/Simulink model simulated charge-discharge dynamics and power-sharing in hybrid setups integrating supercapacitors with lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. A laboratory-scale prototype (incorporating solar panels, DC loads, and an Arduino-based controller with XBee for real-time wireless monitoring) was tested under dynamic load variations and changing environmental conditions. Key performance metrics included voltage regulation (steady-state deviation), transient response time, peak power handling, and battery stress reduction. Experimental results demonstrated improved voltage regulation with deviations limited to < 2% under step-load changes (compared to > 10% in battery-only configurations), transient response times reduced to < 50 ms, and effective management of peak demands up to 5 times nominal load. Supercapacitors handled high-frequency transients, reducing battery current peaks by up to 70% and extending cycle life. Real-time data from multiple scenarios confirmed stable power flow and efficient component coordination. These findings highlight the practical benefits of supercapacitor integration for enhanced reliability and performance in renewable and off-grid systems.