<p>It remains unclear whether the associations of perceived benefits, cost burden, and sociodemographic factors are consistent across Pap smear and HPV DNA testing, two complementary approaches to cervical cancer prevention. This study therefore aims to examine whether the associations of perceived benefits and cost burden differ across two screening methods (Pap smear and HPV DNA testing), and whether the associations between key factors (perceived benefits, cost burden, and socioeconomic status) and cervical cancer screening vary by regular physician status. Data were collected from the 2023 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (<i>N</i> = 2716). Higher perceived benefits were significantly associated with higher odds of Pap smear uptake (aOR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.55–2.33), whereas the association with HPV DNA testing was not significant after adjusting for covariates. Cost burden was not significantly associated with either Pap smear or HPV DNA testing. Associations between perceived benefits and Pap smear use were robust across unweighted and weighted models, regardless of regular physician status. Age, marital status, and private health insurance were associated with higher odds of Pap smear uptake among women without a regular physician, whereas these associations were weaker or non-significant among those with a regular physician. The findings suggest that having a regular physician may play an important role in mitigating sociodemographic inequalities in cervical cancer screening among Korean women.</p>