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<p>The urgent need for sustainable, biodegradable alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics for packaging applications arises from increasing environmental concerns. This study developed bioplastic composite films (BPCFs) using 10&#xa0;g of potato peel starch (PPS) reinforced with avocado peel pectin (APP) and sisal fiber (SF) at varying concentrations (0 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 6 wt., 8 wt.%, and 10 wt.%) and ratios (1:3, 1:1, and 3:1). Glycerol (3.5 mL) was used as a plasticizer and vinegar (2 mL) acted as a crosslinker, with the solution casting method employed for film preparation. The BPCFs were characterized through various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), universal testing machine (UTM), and assessments of physical properties such as film thickness and moisture content. The XRD pattern of PPS showed B-type characteristics with a crystallinity index (X<sub>c</sub>) of 17.43%. Incorporating APP/SF at 6 wt.% with a 1:3 ratio increased the X<sub>c</sub> of BPCFs to 24.57%. FTIR analysis confirmed the functional groups, and SEM analysis offered insights into morphology and microcrack behavior. The TGA graph indicates that BPCFs at 6 wt.% improve thermal stability, while DSC curves show higher glass transition and melting temperatures compared to 0 wt.%, beneficial for packaging systems. The findings indicate an increase in film thickness and a decrease in moisture content with elevated APP/SF loading. The tensile strength of BPCFs enhanced from 3.36 ± 0.17&#xa0;MPa at 0 wt.% - 8.89 ± 0.44&#xa0;MPa with 6 wt.% APP/SF loading at a 1:3 ratio. The biodegradability and water absorption of the BPCFs decreased as the loading of APP/SF increased over various time intervals. The developed BPCFs serves as a high-performance, eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastics, specifically for packaging and single-use plastic products.</p>

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Development, characterization, and optimization of biodegradable composite films from waste potato peel starch reinforced with avocado peel pectin and sisal fiber for packaging applications

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Gutema Gebeyehu Bekele,
  • Endrias Adane Bekele,
  • Solomon Demiss Negedu

摘要

The urgent need for sustainable, biodegradable alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics for packaging applications arises from increasing environmental concerns. This study developed bioplastic composite films (BPCFs) using 10 g of potato peel starch (PPS) reinforced with avocado peel pectin (APP) and sisal fiber (SF) at varying concentrations (0 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 6 wt., 8 wt.%, and 10 wt.%) and ratios (1:3, 1:1, and 3:1). Glycerol (3.5 mL) was used as a plasticizer and vinegar (2 mL) acted as a crosslinker, with the solution casting method employed for film preparation. The BPCFs were characterized through various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), universal testing machine (UTM), and assessments of physical properties such as film thickness and moisture content. The XRD pattern of PPS showed B-type characteristics with a crystallinity index (Xc) of 17.43%. Incorporating APP/SF at 6 wt.% with a 1:3 ratio increased the Xc of BPCFs to 24.57%. FTIR analysis confirmed the functional groups, and SEM analysis offered insights into morphology and microcrack behavior. The TGA graph indicates that BPCFs at 6 wt.% improve thermal stability, while DSC curves show higher glass transition and melting temperatures compared to 0 wt.%, beneficial for packaging systems. The findings indicate an increase in film thickness and a decrease in moisture content with elevated APP/SF loading. The tensile strength of BPCFs enhanced from 3.36 ± 0.17 MPa at 0 wt.% - 8.89 ± 0.44 MPa with 6 wt.% APP/SF loading at a 1:3 ratio. The biodegradability and water absorption of the BPCFs decreased as the loading of APP/SF increased over various time intervals. The developed BPCFs serves as a high-performance, eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastics, specifically for packaging and single-use plastic products.