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<p>The aim was to evaluate ion release from various brackets and tubes, considering manufacturing methods and alloy composition. An experimental in vitro study was conducted following UNE-EN ISO 10,271:2020 and ISO 27,020 standards. The sample included 120 brackets and 32 tubes, divided into: Group 1 (control solution), Group 2 (MIM brackets), Group 3 (CAD-CAM brackets with welded mesh), Group 4 (CAD-CAM monoblock brackets), Group 5 (MIM tubes), and Group 6 (CAD-CAM tubes). Two sets per bracket and tube type were tested, with triplicate measurements per sample. Devices were immersed in a lactic acid and NaCl solution (pH 2.34) for 7&#xa0;days at 37&#xa0;°C. Ion release (Ni, Cr, Cu, Mo, Mn, Si) was quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Statistical analysis included Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc tests (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Significant differences were found in ion release among bracket types. Group 2 (MIM) showed the highest Ni release (mean ± SD: 2.59 ± 0.35&#xa0;µg/ml), Cr (7.05 ± 0.73&#xa0;µg/ml), and Cu (2.35 ± 0.28&#xa0;µg/ml), with <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. CAD-CAM monoblock brackets (Group 4) exhibited the lowest levels across all elements. No significant differences were observed between tube groups and the control (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). As a conclusion, orthodontic devices release trace metal ions, with CAD-CAM monoblock brackets showing superior corrosion resistance.</p>

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Effect of manufacturing method on metal ion release from orthodontic brackets and tubes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Rocío Rodríguez-Gutiérrez,
  • Marta M. Paz-Cortés,
  • Diego Serrano-Velasco,
  • Alberto Cervera,
  • Isabel Cervera,
  • Luis Miguel Pérez Rodríguez,
  • Juan Manuel Aragoneses,
  • Andrea Martín-Vacas

摘要

The aim was to evaluate ion release from various brackets and tubes, considering manufacturing methods and alloy composition. An experimental in vitro study was conducted following UNE-EN ISO 10,271:2020 and ISO 27,020 standards. The sample included 120 brackets and 32 tubes, divided into: Group 1 (control solution), Group 2 (MIM brackets), Group 3 (CAD-CAM brackets with welded mesh), Group 4 (CAD-CAM monoblock brackets), Group 5 (MIM tubes), and Group 6 (CAD-CAM tubes). Two sets per bracket and tube type were tested, with triplicate measurements per sample. Devices were immersed in a lactic acid and NaCl solution (pH 2.34) for 7 days at 37 °C. Ion release (Ni, Cr, Cu, Mo, Mn, Si) was quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Statistical analysis included Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in ion release among bracket types. Group 2 (MIM) showed the highest Ni release (mean ± SD: 2.59 ± 0.35 µg/ml), Cr (7.05 ± 0.73 µg/ml), and Cu (2.35 ± 0.28 µg/ml), with p < 0.001. CAD-CAM monoblock brackets (Group 4) exhibited the lowest levels across all elements. No significant differences were observed between tube groups and the control (p > 0.05). As a conclusion, orthodontic devices release trace metal ions, with CAD-CAM monoblock brackets showing superior corrosion resistance.