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<p>Compression garments are commonly designed using elongation-based pattern reduction, but the validity of this approach under controlled static wearing conditions remains insufficiently verified. This study examined whether upper-arm sleeves designed from tensile elongation properties produced consistent compression responses during wear. Three knitted PET/PU fabrics with distinct structural characteristics were tested in wale, course, and bias directions, and 27 sleeve conditions were fabricated using single-layer, identical-material double-layer, and hybrid-material double-layer configurations. Clothing pressure, tissue viscoelastic response (frequency), and perceived compression were assessed. Despite the use of the same elongation-based design logic, compression responses varied substantially with fabric directionality and layering configuration. Bias-direction and several double-layer conditions produced excessive compression or non-wearable states. Layered structures showed nonlinear pressure amplification, indicating that compression was not governed by simple additive or linear effects. Although clothing pressure, tissue response, and perceived compression were generally associated, their magnitudes and rankings were not consistently aligned across conditions. These findings indicate that elongation-based pattern reduction alone may not ensure uniform compression in knitted compression sleeves and suggest the need for an integrated design framework that considers fabric anisotropy, layering structure, tissue response, and wearer perception.</p>

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Nonlinear compression responses reveal limits of elongation-based design in knitted compression sleeves

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Okkyung Lee,
  • Yejin Lee

摘要

Compression garments are commonly designed using elongation-based pattern reduction, but the validity of this approach under controlled static wearing conditions remains insufficiently verified. This study examined whether upper-arm sleeves designed from tensile elongation properties produced consistent compression responses during wear. Three knitted PET/PU fabrics with distinct structural characteristics were tested in wale, course, and bias directions, and 27 sleeve conditions were fabricated using single-layer, identical-material double-layer, and hybrid-material double-layer configurations. Clothing pressure, tissue viscoelastic response (frequency), and perceived compression were assessed. Despite the use of the same elongation-based design logic, compression responses varied substantially with fabric directionality and layering configuration. Bias-direction and several double-layer conditions produced excessive compression or non-wearable states. Layered structures showed nonlinear pressure amplification, indicating that compression was not governed by simple additive or linear effects. Although clothing pressure, tissue response, and perceived compression were generally associated, their magnitudes and rankings were not consistently aligned across conditions. These findings indicate that elongation-based pattern reduction alone may not ensure uniform compression in knitted compression sleeves and suggest the need for an integrated design framework that considers fabric anisotropy, layering structure, tissue response, and wearer perception.