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<p>Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (Cb-tDCS) is a promising tool for non-invasive modulation of cerebellar function and is under investigation for treating cerebellum-related disorders. However, its local and remote effects on sensory processing remain poorly understood. We investigated the immediate and long-term effects of Cb-tDCS on sensory-evoked responses in the cerebellum and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of awake mice. Sensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded in Crus I/II and S1 during and after short (15&#xa0;s) or long (20&#xa0;min) sessions of anodal or cathodal Cb-tDCS. In addition, vGLUT1 and GAD65–67 immunoreactivity were quantified, and spectral changes in local field potentials were assessed. Anodal and cathodal Cb-tDCS respectively induced an immediate increase and decrease in the trigeminal component in Crus I/II but no aftereffects were observed 20&#xa0;min post-stimulation. In S1, Cb-tDCS resulted in polarity and intensity-dependent modulation of the N1 component during stimulation, which was opposite to the changes induced in Crus I/II, as well as a polarity-dependent modulation after stimulation. In addition, anodal Cb-tDCS was associated with reduced GAD65–67 immunoreactivity in S1, whereas vGLUT1 remained unchanged. While power spectrum analysis revealed no changes in Crus I/II, Cb-tDCS induced polarity-dependent post-stimulation changes in S1 spectral power, with higher values after cathodal stimulation. These findings show that Cb-tDCS differentially modulates sensory processing in cerebellar and cortical circuits. While cerebellar effects are mainly transient, stimulation induces longer-lasting changes in the remote cortical area investigated, S1. This underscores the need to consider both local and distant network effects when applying Cb-tDCS in translational and clinical settings.</p>

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Polarity-dependent modulation of sensory circuits by cerebellar tDCS: local and distant effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Carlos Andrés Sánchez-León,
  • Isabel Cordones,
  • Alba Jiménez-Díaz,
  • Guy Cheron,
  • Javier F. Medina,
  • Javier Márquez-Ruiz

摘要

Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (Cb-tDCS) is a promising tool for non-invasive modulation of cerebellar function and is under investigation for treating cerebellum-related disorders. However, its local and remote effects on sensory processing remain poorly understood. We investigated the immediate and long-term effects of Cb-tDCS on sensory-evoked responses in the cerebellum and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of awake mice. Sensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded in Crus I/II and S1 during and after short (15 s) or long (20 min) sessions of anodal or cathodal Cb-tDCS. In addition, vGLUT1 and GAD65–67 immunoreactivity were quantified, and spectral changes in local field potentials were assessed. Anodal and cathodal Cb-tDCS respectively induced an immediate increase and decrease in the trigeminal component in Crus I/II but no aftereffects were observed 20 min post-stimulation. In S1, Cb-tDCS resulted in polarity and intensity-dependent modulation of the N1 component during stimulation, which was opposite to the changes induced in Crus I/II, as well as a polarity-dependent modulation after stimulation. In addition, anodal Cb-tDCS was associated with reduced GAD65–67 immunoreactivity in S1, whereas vGLUT1 remained unchanged. While power spectrum analysis revealed no changes in Crus I/II, Cb-tDCS induced polarity-dependent post-stimulation changes in S1 spectral power, with higher values after cathodal stimulation. These findings show that Cb-tDCS differentially modulates sensory processing in cerebellar and cortical circuits. While cerebellar effects are mainly transient, stimulation induces longer-lasting changes in the remote cortical area investigated, S1. This underscores the need to consider both local and distant network effects when applying Cb-tDCS in translational and clinical settings.