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<p>To advance educational equity, this study examines the spatial mechanisms of National Sports Specialized Model Schools (NSSMS) in Heilongjiang, China. Using a mixed-methods approach integrating GIS and fsQCA, we analyzed data from 142 NSSMS across five conditions: GDP, population, school count, sports culture, and educational expenditure. GIS revealed a unipolar agglomeration centered on Harbin with significant spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I = 0.233, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). fsQCA identified two high-aggregation pathways: a “Comprehensive Development” path (consistency = 0.977) driven by holistic advantages, and a “Resource-Driven” path (0.812) leveraging fiscal and economic strength to offset deficits. All four low-aggregation pathways shared low educational expenditure as a necessary condition, confirming causal asymmetry. These findings demonstrate that NSSMS distribution is non-random and condition-dependent. We propose differentiated, evidence-based policies—prioritizing fiscal investment and tailored strategies for specific configurational paths—to optimize the spatial equity of educational resources.</p>

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Spatial heterogeneity of national sports specialized model school in China: an analysis of agglomeration and its causes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月5日

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  • Lin Wang,
  • Qimeng Wu,
  • Qiyun Wu,
  • Xuelin Pang,
  • Linlin Wang

摘要

To advance educational equity, this study examines the spatial mechanisms of National Sports Specialized Model Schools (NSSMS) in Heilongjiang, China. Using a mixed-methods approach integrating GIS and fsQCA, we analyzed data from 142 NSSMS across five conditions: GDP, population, school count, sports culture, and educational expenditure. GIS revealed a unipolar agglomeration centered on Harbin with significant spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I = 0.233, p < 0.01). fsQCA identified two high-aggregation pathways: a “Comprehensive Development” path (consistency = 0.977) driven by holistic advantages, and a “Resource-Driven” path (0.812) leveraging fiscal and economic strength to offset deficits. All four low-aggregation pathways shared low educational expenditure as a necessary condition, confirming causal asymmetry. These findings demonstrate that NSSMS distribution is non-random and condition-dependent. We propose differentiated, evidence-based policies—prioritizing fiscal investment and tailored strategies for specific configurational paths—to optimize the spatial equity of educational resources.