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<p>The rapid expansion of synthetic azo dye pollution requires the development of multifunctional nanomaterials capable of simultaneous real-time monitoring and active chemical remediation. Herein, we report the one-pot, microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nano-chains (N-CNCs) using <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> botanical waste as a sustainable precursor. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the fabrication of an interconnected, one-dimensional (1D) beads-on-a-string morphology composed of monodisperse beads (2.08–2.96&#xa0;nm). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) verified a short-range turbostratic amorphous carbon framework. The synthesized N-CNCs function as a high-performance dual-mode environmental platform, serving as a high-contrast naked-eye pH sensor and an ultra-rapid catalyst for methyl orange (MO) degradation. Catalytic trials demonstrated a clean, systematic elimination of the chromophore within seconds (&lt; 1&#xa0;s) at environmental extremes, reaching degradation efficiencies of 79.30% (pH 3) and 74.67% (pH 12). Computational insights from Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Density of States (DOS) analysis decoded the underlying quantum logic, revealing a dramatic collapse of the frontier molecular orbital energy gap (E<sub>g</sub>) from 8.5416&#xa0;eV in native N-CNCs to an ultra-reactive 0.8816&#xa0;eV within the hybrid matrix. DOS spectra confirmed intense orbital crowding near the Fermi level, which drives instantaneous, non-radiative intramolecular electron transfer for irreversible azo-bond cleavage. This metal-free, circular-economy platform successfully bridges real-time optical tracking with high-capacity chemical remediation, offering a highly competitive blueprint for advanced wastewater treatment.</p>

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Hibiscus derived nitrogen doped carbon nanochains for visual pH sensing and catalytic methyl orange degradation

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Hebat-Allah S. Tohamy

摘要

The rapid expansion of synthetic azo dye pollution requires the development of multifunctional nanomaterials capable of simultaneous real-time monitoring and active chemical remediation. Herein, we report the one-pot, microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nano-chains (N-CNCs) using Hibiscus sabdariffa botanical waste as a sustainable precursor. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the fabrication of an interconnected, one-dimensional (1D) beads-on-a-string morphology composed of monodisperse beads (2.08–2.96 nm). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) verified a short-range turbostratic amorphous carbon framework. The synthesized N-CNCs function as a high-performance dual-mode environmental platform, serving as a high-contrast naked-eye pH sensor and an ultra-rapid catalyst for methyl orange (MO) degradation. Catalytic trials demonstrated a clean, systematic elimination of the chromophore within seconds (< 1 s) at environmental extremes, reaching degradation efficiencies of 79.30% (pH 3) and 74.67% (pH 12). Computational insights from Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Density of States (DOS) analysis decoded the underlying quantum logic, revealing a dramatic collapse of the frontier molecular orbital energy gap (Eg) from 8.5416 eV in native N-CNCs to an ultra-reactive 0.8816 eV within the hybrid matrix. DOS spectra confirmed intense orbital crowding near the Fermi level, which drives instantaneous, non-radiative intramolecular electron transfer for irreversible azo-bond cleavage. This metal-free, circular-economy platform successfully bridges real-time optical tracking with high-capacity chemical remediation, offering a highly competitive blueprint for advanced wastewater treatment.