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<p>Although depressive symptoms (DS) and physical activity (PA) have each been associated with social frailty (SF), their combined associations remain unclear. This study examined the associations of DS and objectively measured PA with SF in community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional study included 147 adults aged ≥ 65 years. DS were assessed using the Japanese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, and PA was measured objectively via accelerometer-based daily step counts, classified as &lt; 4,000 or ≥ 4,000 steps/day. SF was evaluated using the five-item criteria proposed by Makizako et al. A two-way analysis of covariance was performed with DS (yes/no) and step count (≥ 4,000/&lt;4,000) as independent variables and the total number of positive SF components (0–5) as the dependent variable, adjusting for relevant covariates. Participants with DS and those walking &lt; 4,000 steps/day had significantly higher SF scores (both <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). A significant interaction between DS and step count was also observed (<i>P</i> = 0.006); however, this finding should be interpreted cautiously because the subgroup with both DS and low step counts was small (<i>n</i> = 6). These findings suggest that both DS and low PA are associated with higher SF scores, while the potential combined association of these factors warrants further investigation in larger studies.</p>

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Overlap of depressive symptoms and low physical activity is associated with social frailty in Japanese community-dwelling older adults

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Tomoya Shimabukuro,
  • Masaki Nagamatsu,
  • Tomohiro Nishimura,
  • Aiko Imai,
  • Keiko Kishigami,
  • Kaito Hashimoto,
  • Toshiyuki Kurihara,
  • Takeshi Hashimoto,
  • Kiyoshi Sanada

摘要

Although depressive symptoms (DS) and physical activity (PA) have each been associated with social frailty (SF), their combined associations remain unclear. This study examined the associations of DS and objectively measured PA with SF in community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional study included 147 adults aged ≥ 65 years. DS were assessed using the Japanese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, and PA was measured objectively via accelerometer-based daily step counts, classified as < 4,000 or ≥ 4,000 steps/day. SF was evaluated using the five-item criteria proposed by Makizako et al. A two-way analysis of covariance was performed with DS (yes/no) and step count (≥ 4,000/<4,000) as independent variables and the total number of positive SF components (0–5) as the dependent variable, adjusting for relevant covariates. Participants with DS and those walking < 4,000 steps/day had significantly higher SF scores (both P < 0.001). A significant interaction between DS and step count was also observed (P = 0.006); however, this finding should be interpreted cautiously because the subgroup with both DS and low step counts was small (n = 6). These findings suggest that both DS and low PA are associated with higher SF scores, while the potential combined association of these factors warrants further investigation in larger studies.