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<p>Melons (<i>Cucumis melo</i>) are considered a rich source of vitamins, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. Melon’s production has been severely impacted by a wilt disease outbreak in Tehran and Markazi provinces, Iran, over the past two decades. Fifty samples were collected from melon plants showing wilt symptoms in fields and greenhouses during 2021–2023. The initial symptoms included leaf scorching and blade necrosis, which were followed by leaf desiccation. Infected plants wilted, leading to complete collapse. Up to 80% of plants exhibited symptoms in some fields. To identify the causal agents of the disease, 130 strains forming cream-colored, round colonies on nutrient agar (NA) were isolated from symptomatic tissues. The pathogenicity of all isolated isolates was examined, among which 114 isolates caused wilting and withering of entire plants after six weeks. The pathogenic isolates were delineated into six distinct clusters based on an integrative assessment of phenotypic traits and multilocus sequence data. Phylogenetic reconstruction further demonstrated that these clusters were taxonomically affiliated with the genera <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Stenotrophomonas</i>. Comparative analysis of partial housekeeping gene sequences confirmed the presence of <i>Enterobacter ludwigii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas corrugata</i>, and <i>Stenotrophomonas indicatrix</i>, along with three potentially novel species within the <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> lineages. In conclusion, this study highlights that melon wilting is a complex disease involving a consortium of bacterial species, including <i>E. ludwigii</i>, <i>P. corrugata</i>, <i>S. indicatrix</i>, and newly identified members of the genera <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Stenotrophomonas</i>. This complexity challenges bacterial wilt management and highlights the need for integrated strategies that consider host–microbe–environment interactions.</p>

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Bacterial wilt in melon caused by a complex of novel pathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Mina Parhoon,
  • Nargues Falahi Charkhabi,
  • Hossein Ramshini,
  • Mahmoud Lotfi

摘要

Melons (Cucumis melo) are considered a rich source of vitamins, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. Melon’s production has been severely impacted by a wilt disease outbreak in Tehran and Markazi provinces, Iran, over the past two decades. Fifty samples were collected from melon plants showing wilt symptoms in fields and greenhouses during 2021–2023. The initial symptoms included leaf scorching and blade necrosis, which were followed by leaf desiccation. Infected plants wilted, leading to complete collapse. Up to 80% of plants exhibited symptoms in some fields. To identify the causal agents of the disease, 130 strains forming cream-colored, round colonies on nutrient agar (NA) were isolated from symptomatic tissues. The pathogenicity of all isolated isolates was examined, among which 114 isolates caused wilting and withering of entire plants after six weeks. The pathogenic isolates were delineated into six distinct clusters based on an integrative assessment of phenotypic traits and multilocus sequence data. Phylogenetic reconstruction further demonstrated that these clusters were taxonomically affiliated with the genera Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas. Comparative analysis of partial housekeeping gene sequences confirmed the presence of Enterobacter ludwigii, Pseudomonas corrugata, and Stenotrophomonas indicatrix, along with three potentially novel species within the Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas lineages. In conclusion, this study highlights that melon wilting is a complex disease involving a consortium of bacterial species, including E. ludwigii, P. corrugata, S. indicatrix, and newly identified members of the genera Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. This complexity challenges bacterial wilt management and highlights the need for integrated strategies that consider host–microbe–environment interactions.