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<p>The rapid expansion of data centres has intensified the demand for low-threshold thermal optimisation strategies that avoid the high costs and operational disruptions associated with conventional infrastructure retrofits. This study focuses exclusively on in-rack server layout adjustments, specifically server power combination, arrangement methods, and air supply velocity. A dedicated experimental platform was constructed to represent a standard server rack environment, and physical single-factor and orthogonal experiments were conducted to evaluate cooling efficiency. Results indicate that: (1) Heat accumulates primarily at the rack top, producing pronounced temperature stratification. (2) The relative impact of the examined parameters on thermal performance ranks as follows: air supply velocity &gt; power combination &gt; arrangement method. (3) An optimal configuration—400 W × 10 servers positioned in the lower rack with an air supply velocity of 4&#xa0;m/s—effectively alleviates heat imbalance and suppresses hot-spots. Compared with a non-optimised baseline, this configuration yielded measurable improvements in airflow utilisation and thermal uniformity. This work demonstrates that strategic in-rack layout adjustments alone can markedly enhance cooling performance without additional capital investment or infrastructure modifications, offering actionable guidance for data centre operators seeking practical, low-effort optimisation measures.</p>

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Optimising thermal performance in data centre server racks via a parametric layout configuration study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Xinkun Gao,
  • Mingqin Cai,
  • Ruiyong Mao,
  • Cheng Hu,
  • Hongwei Wu,
  • Qiaoxinyi Zhou,
  • Xiaoyan Yi,
  • Zujing Zhang,
  • Weiping Yang

摘要

The rapid expansion of data centres has intensified the demand for low-threshold thermal optimisation strategies that avoid the high costs and operational disruptions associated with conventional infrastructure retrofits. This study focuses exclusively on in-rack server layout adjustments, specifically server power combination, arrangement methods, and air supply velocity. A dedicated experimental platform was constructed to represent a standard server rack environment, and physical single-factor and orthogonal experiments were conducted to evaluate cooling efficiency. Results indicate that: (1) Heat accumulates primarily at the rack top, producing pronounced temperature stratification. (2) The relative impact of the examined parameters on thermal performance ranks as follows: air supply velocity > power combination > arrangement method. (3) An optimal configuration—400 W × 10 servers positioned in the lower rack with an air supply velocity of 4 m/s—effectively alleviates heat imbalance and suppresses hot-spots. Compared with a non-optimised baseline, this configuration yielded measurable improvements in airflow utilisation and thermal uniformity. This work demonstrates that strategic in-rack layout adjustments alone can markedly enhance cooling performance without additional capital investment or infrastructure modifications, offering actionable guidance for data centre operators seeking practical, low-effort optimisation measures.