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<p>Hepatocellular carcinoma is a rapidly advancing malignancy and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Recently, plant-based pharmaceuticals have garnered increased attention compared to synthetic medications due to their non-toxic nature and accessibility. <i>Mollugo cerviana</i>, a prevalent weed in the Mollugnaceae family, is recognised for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The ethanolic extract of the plant was evaluated for its cytotoxic effects on hepatocarcinoma cell lines (HepG2). The vitality of the treated cells was evaluated using the MTT test. The induction of oxidative stress was assessed by quantifying intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the mechanism of cell death was analysed using ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) dual staining. Additionally, the DNA damage was assessed via the comet test. To ascertain the probable bioactive chemicals responsible for the observed cytotoxicity, LC–MS analysis of the plant extract was conducted. The primary components found in the plant extract underwent molecular descriptor analysis and statistical correlations were established to evaluate their notable drug-likeness and possible therapeutic significance. The plant extract induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the MTT assay, with HepG2 cell viability decreasing from 98 to 44% at concentrations ranging from 1 to 500&#xa0;µg/mL. HepG2 cells exposed to 356.03&#xa0;µg/ml (IC<sub>50</sub>) of plant extract exhibited an elevated amount of ROS production. The primary form of cell death was apoptosis, with 54% of cells identified as apoptotic and 6% as necrotic. The extent of DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as assessed by the comet assay was markedly elevated. The research indicates that the ethanolic extract of <i>M.cerviana</i> promotes apoptosis in HepG2 cells, likely facilitated by increased ROS levels and DNA damage. The combination of phytochemical profiling and molecular descriptor analysis substantiates the therapeutic potential of <i>M.cerviana</i> as a promising natural therapy for hepatocellular cancer.</p>

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Anticancer activity with physical property analysis of Mollugo cerviana (L). Ser whole plant extract on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Sherin Rebecca Flavian,
  • Ramanathan Sharmila,
  • Sahaya Vijay Jeyaraj,
  • Fikadu Tesgera Tolasa,
  • Rajamanickam Pon Nivedha,
  • Tony Augustine,
  • Janani Ezhilan,
  • Sagni Ragassa Wadajo

摘要

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a rapidly advancing malignancy and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Recently, plant-based pharmaceuticals have garnered increased attention compared to synthetic medications due to their non-toxic nature and accessibility. Mollugo cerviana, a prevalent weed in the Mollugnaceae family, is recognised for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The ethanolic extract of the plant was evaluated for its cytotoxic effects on hepatocarcinoma cell lines (HepG2). The vitality of the treated cells was evaluated using the MTT test. The induction of oxidative stress was assessed by quantifying intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the mechanism of cell death was analysed using ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) dual staining. Additionally, the DNA damage was assessed via the comet test. To ascertain the probable bioactive chemicals responsible for the observed cytotoxicity, LC–MS analysis of the plant extract was conducted. The primary components found in the plant extract underwent molecular descriptor analysis and statistical correlations were established to evaluate their notable drug-likeness and possible therapeutic significance. The plant extract induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the MTT assay, with HepG2 cell viability decreasing from 98 to 44% at concentrations ranging from 1 to 500 µg/mL. HepG2 cells exposed to 356.03 µg/ml (IC50) of plant extract exhibited an elevated amount of ROS production. The primary form of cell death was apoptosis, with 54% of cells identified as apoptotic and 6% as necrotic. The extent of DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as assessed by the comet assay was markedly elevated. The research indicates that the ethanolic extract of M.cerviana promotes apoptosis in HepG2 cells, likely facilitated by increased ROS levels and DNA damage. The combination of phytochemical profiling and molecular descriptor analysis substantiates the therapeutic potential of M.cerviana as a promising natural therapy for hepatocellular cancer.