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<p>The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in power system applications, such as Load Frequency Control (LFC), increases the vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Among these, False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA) targeting sensor-controller or controller-actuator signals can destabilize systems with varying loads and renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller (FOSMC) to ensure frequency stability and resilience in an islanded system under controller-actuator FDIA and external disturbances. An observer is incorporated to estimate system states and detect FDIA signals, with its parameters obtained via Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) techniques. A fractional order sliding surface is designed to enhance robustness, and system stability is analyzed using the Lyapunov method. The proposed controller is validated through a Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) OPAL-RT setup. Experimental results confirm that the resilient controller maintains stability under different FDIA scenarios and outperforms existing methods in dynamic response.</p>

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Resilient fractional order sliding mode control for islanded microgrids under cyber-physical attacks

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月21日

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  • Mohamad Issa Ibraheem,
  • Mehdi Edrisi,
  • Hassan Haes Alhelou,
  • Mehdi Gholipour,
  • Amer Al-Hinai

摘要

The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in power system applications, such as Load Frequency Control (LFC), increases the vulnerability to cyber-attacks. Among these, False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA) targeting sensor-controller or controller-actuator signals can destabilize systems with varying loads and renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller (FOSMC) to ensure frequency stability and resilience in an islanded system under controller-actuator FDIA and external disturbances. An observer is incorporated to estimate system states and detect FDIA signals, with its parameters obtained via Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) techniques. A fractional order sliding surface is designed to enhance robustness, and system stability is analyzed using the Lyapunov method. The proposed controller is validated through a Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) OPAL-RT setup. Experimental results confirm that the resilient controller maintains stability under different FDIA scenarios and outperforms existing methods in dynamic response.