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<p>This paper investigates the load frequency control (LFC) problem of power systems under actuator-side false data injection (FDI) attacks. First, an FDI-aware LFC model is developed to describe corruption in the control input channel. Subsequently, an adaptive event-triggered mechanism (AETM) is introduced to improve communication efficiency, and transmission lag is incorporated into the closed-loop model. Furthermore, a honeypot-gated adaptive compensation mechanism is proposed, where the honeypot detection flag activates the compensation channel and the estimated attack signal reduces the effective malicious component entering the actuator. Based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, sufficient LMI-based conditions are derived for stability analysis and controller synthesis with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_{\infty }\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> performance. Finally, simulation results under different attack scenarios show that the proposed method attenuates FDI-induced frequency regulation errors and reduces unnecessary event-triggered transmissions.</p>

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Robust load frequency control with honeypot-based compensation and AETM under FDI attacks

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • ChuanCai Chen,
  • Hao Wu,
  • Shijie Li,
  • Tingwen Yu,
  • Haiguang Chen

摘要

This paper investigates the load frequency control (LFC) problem of power systems under actuator-side false data injection (FDI) attacks. First, an FDI-aware LFC model is developed to describe corruption in the control input channel. Subsequently, an adaptive event-triggered mechanism (AETM) is introduced to improve communication efficiency, and transmission lag is incorporated into the closed-loop model. Furthermore, a honeypot-gated adaptive compensation mechanism is proposed, where the honeypot detection flag activates the compensation channel and the estimated attack signal reduces the effective malicious component entering the actuator. Based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, sufficient LMI-based conditions are derived for stability analysis and controller synthesis with \(H_{\infty }\) performance. Finally, simulation results under different attack scenarios show that the proposed method attenuates FDI-induced frequency regulation errors and reduces unnecessary event-triggered transmissions.