Scholarlink

<p>Transforming abundant agricultural residue into high-performance carbonaceous adsorbents has emerged as a green and cost-effective strategy for the efficient removal of dyes from contaminated effluents. In this study, activated carbon adsorbents (referred to as PNSAC-x) were synthesized from peanut shells (PNS) using phosphoric acid as a cost-effective activating agent. Activation was conducted at a relatively low temperature of 400 ℃, employing PNS: H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> weight ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The developed carbons were evaluated for their adsorption performance in removing crystal violet (CV) as a model cationic dye. Among the synthesized samples, PNSAC-3 (1:3 ratio) exhibited superior performance, achieving 98.9% CV removal within only 20&#xa0;min at natural pH, with an adsorbent dosage of 0.3&#xa0;g L<sup>− 1</sup> at 25&#xa0;°C. Comprehensive characterization confirmed that PNSAC-3 possesses an amorphous structure with a well-developed porous network, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 145 mg g<sup>-1</sup> under the investigated conditions. Cost analysis demonstrated the economic feasibility of PNSAC-3 production, with an estimated cost as low as 115 LE kg⁻¹ using commercial-grade phosphoric acid. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.998), while the equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999). Thermodynamic studies indicated a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process with increased feasibility at elevated temperatures. pH-dependent studies showed that the adsorption process involved both electrostatic forces and non-electrostatic interactions, including hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic effects, and π-π interactions. PNSAC-3 also demonstrated excellent reusability, retaining more than 94.4% of its adsorption efficiency after five adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings underscore the potential of PNSAC-3 as a highly efficient and cost-competitive adsorbent for the large-scale removal of cationic dyes from industrial wastewater.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Toward sustainable activated carbon from peanut shells for efficient cationic dye removal: equilibrium, kinetics, and cost evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

查看全文
  • Aya S. Mahmoud,
  • Mohamed El Saied,
  • Seham Ali Shaban,
  • Ahmed O. Abo El Naga

摘要

Transforming abundant agricultural residue into high-performance carbonaceous adsorbents has emerged as a green and cost-effective strategy for the efficient removal of dyes from contaminated effluents. In this study, activated carbon adsorbents (referred to as PNSAC-x) were synthesized from peanut shells (PNS) using phosphoric acid as a cost-effective activating agent. Activation was conducted at a relatively low temperature of 400 ℃, employing PNS: H3PO4 weight ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The developed carbons were evaluated for their adsorption performance in removing crystal violet (CV) as a model cationic dye. Among the synthesized samples, PNSAC-3 (1:3 ratio) exhibited superior performance, achieving 98.9% CV removal within only 20 min at natural pH, with an adsorbent dosage of 0.3 g L− 1 at 25 °C. Comprehensive characterization confirmed that PNSAC-3 possesses an amorphous structure with a well-developed porous network, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 145 mg g-1 under the investigated conditions. Cost analysis demonstrated the economic feasibility of PNSAC-3 production, with an estimated cost as low as 115 LE kg⁻¹ using commercial-grade phosphoric acid. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.998), while the equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.999). Thermodynamic studies indicated a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process with increased feasibility at elevated temperatures. pH-dependent studies showed that the adsorption process involved both electrostatic forces and non-electrostatic interactions, including hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic effects, and π-π interactions. PNSAC-3 also demonstrated excellent reusability, retaining more than 94.4% of its adsorption efficiency after five adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings underscore the potential of PNSAC-3 as a highly efficient and cost-competitive adsorbent for the large-scale removal of cationic dyes from industrial wastewater.