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<p>This study investigates the use of biosensor-led control in Microbial Electrolysis Cell-Anaerobic Digestion (MEC-AD) systems to enhance operational stability. Traditional methods depend on human operators to interpret data and adjust processes, whereas this research employed a current threshold-based Finite State Machine (FSM) for automated control in lab-scale, single-chamber MEC-AD reactors operated continuously for four months. By monitoring current draw as an indirect electrochemical proxy for microbial substrate-utilisation activity, the study facilitated real-time control of feeding events based on current responses to organic loading. Results show that, under the tested lab-scale conditions, this method enabled adjustment of feed volume and timing in response to changes in system conditions and microbial activity. Using an FSM provided a structured framework that links current responses to feeding events and defined system states, enabling predictable management of the MEC-AD process. Using molasses as feedstock, the research demonstrates effectiveness across reactors with varied hydraulic retention times at lab scale, indicating potential for further investigation into scalability and automation. This approach offers a promising alternative for optimising the performance of continuous operation AD systems, ensuring better control and lower risk of overload failures.</p>

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Automated real-time feeding control for microbial electrolysis cell-anaerobic digestion systems using finite state machine

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Harvey Rutland,
  • Kyle Bowman,
  • Thomas Fudge,
  • Emma Crossley,
  • Godfrey Kyazze,
  • Haixia Liu,
  • Jiseon You

摘要

This study investigates the use of biosensor-led control in Microbial Electrolysis Cell-Anaerobic Digestion (MEC-AD) systems to enhance operational stability. Traditional methods depend on human operators to interpret data and adjust processes, whereas this research employed a current threshold-based Finite State Machine (FSM) for automated control in lab-scale, single-chamber MEC-AD reactors operated continuously for four months. By monitoring current draw as an indirect electrochemical proxy for microbial substrate-utilisation activity, the study facilitated real-time control of feeding events based on current responses to organic loading. Results show that, under the tested lab-scale conditions, this method enabled adjustment of feed volume and timing in response to changes in system conditions and microbial activity. Using an FSM provided a structured framework that links current responses to feeding events and defined system states, enabling predictable management of the MEC-AD process. Using molasses as feedstock, the research demonstrates effectiveness across reactors with varied hydraulic retention times at lab scale, indicating potential for further investigation into scalability and automation. This approach offers a promising alternative for optimising the performance of continuous operation AD systems, ensuring better control and lower risk of overload failures.