<p>To demonstrate the feasibility of performing in-vivo imaging and quantitative relaxation mapping of soft and hard tissues using a low-cost, portable MRI scanner, and to establish the methodological foundations for zero echo time (ZTE) imaging in systems subject to strong field inhomogeneities. A complete framework for artifact-mitigated ZTE imaging at low field was developed, including: (i)&#xa0;RF pulse pre/counter-emphasis calibration to minimize ring-down and electronics switching time; (ii)&#xa0;an extension of a recent single-point double-shot (SPDS) protocol for simultaneous <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B_0\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B_1\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> mapping; and (iii)&#xa0;a model-based reconstruction incorporating these field maps into the encoding matrix. ZTE imaging and variable flip angle (VFA) <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_1\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> mapping were performed on phantoms and in-vivo human knees and ankles, and benchmarked against standard RARE and STIR acquisitions. The optimized PETRA sequence produced 3D images of knees and ankles in <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(&lt;15\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>&#xa0;min, revealing hard tissues such as ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and bone, usually not visible with standard sequences. The extended SPDS method was used for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B_0\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> mapping, while the VFA approach provided the first in-vivo <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_1\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> measurements of hard tissues at <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(B_0&lt;0.1\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation>&#xa0;T. The proposed framework broadens the range of pulse sequences feasible in portable low-field MRI and demonstrates the potential of ZTE for quantitative and structural imaging of musculoskeletal tissues in affordable Halbach-based systems.</p>

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Qualitative and quantitative hard-tissue MRI with portable Halbach scanners

  • Jose Borreguero,
  • Luiz G. C. Santos,
  • Lorena Vega Cid,
  • Eli G. Castanon,
  • Marina Fernández-García,
  • Pablo Benlloch,
  • Rubén Bosch,
  • Jesús Conejero,
  • Pablo García-Cristóbal,
  • Alba González-Cebrián,
  • Teresa Guallart-Naval,
  • Eduardo Pallás,
  • Laia Porcar,
  • Lucas Swistunow,
  • Jose Miguel Algarín,
  • Fernando Galve,
  • Joseba Alonso

摘要

To demonstrate the feasibility of performing in-vivo imaging and quantitative relaxation mapping of soft and hard tissues using a low-cost, portable MRI scanner, and to establish the methodological foundations for zero echo time (ZTE) imaging in systems subject to strong field inhomogeneities. A complete framework for artifact-mitigated ZTE imaging at low field was developed, including: (i) RF pulse pre/counter-emphasis calibration to minimize ring-down and electronics switching time; (ii) an extension of a recent single-point double-shot (SPDS) protocol for simultaneous \(B_0\) and \(B_1\) mapping; and (iii) a model-based reconstruction incorporating these field maps into the encoding matrix. ZTE imaging and variable flip angle (VFA) \(T_1\) mapping were performed on phantoms and in-vivo human knees and ankles, and benchmarked against standard RARE and STIR acquisitions. The optimized PETRA sequence produced 3D images of knees and ankles in \(<15\) min, revealing hard tissues such as ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and bone, usually not visible with standard sequences. The extended SPDS method was used for \(B_0\) mapping, while the VFA approach provided the first in-vivo \(T_1\) measurements of hard tissues at \(B_0<0.1\) T. The proposed framework broadens the range of pulse sequences feasible in portable low-field MRI and demonstrates the potential of ZTE for quantitative and structural imaging of musculoskeletal tissues in affordable Halbach-based systems.