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<p>In the process of charging a quantum battery, quantum jumps play a detrimental role because they induce transitions from higher to lower energy levels, leading to energy dissipation. This behavior directly opposes the fundamental objective of the charging protocol, which is to increase the population of higher-energy states and store usable energy in the system. Furthermore, decoherence introduced by randomness of quantum jumps leads to a mixed state, thereby reducing the amount of energy that can be extracted from the charged quantum battery. Here, we propose a quantum battery comprising an ensemble of three-level atoms in the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> configuration to store energy in the metastable state over a long time. We demonstrate that, when spontaneous atomic transitions are restricted to occur solely from the excited state to a metastable state, with decay to the ground state completely suppressed, quantum jumps acquire a constructive character. Under these conditions, they drive the quantum battery to a fully charged state, render the entire stored energy extractable, and shorten the duration of the second stage of the charging protocol.</p>

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Improving quantum-battery charging via unidirectional quantum jumps to metastable state

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Ewelina Lange,
  • Grzegorz Chimczak,
  • Anna Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk,
  • Kishore Thapliyal,
  • Jan Peřina Jr.

摘要

In the process of charging a quantum battery, quantum jumps play a detrimental role because they induce transitions from higher to lower energy levels, leading to energy dissipation. This behavior directly opposes the fundamental objective of the charging protocol, which is to increase the population of higher-energy states and store usable energy in the system. Furthermore, decoherence introduced by randomness of quantum jumps leads to a mixed state, thereby reducing the amount of energy that can be extracted from the charged quantum battery. Here, we propose a quantum battery comprising an ensemble of three-level atoms in the \(\Lambda\) configuration to store energy in the metastable state over a long time. We demonstrate that, when spontaneous atomic transitions are restricted to occur solely from the excited state to a metastable state, with decay to the ground state completely suppressed, quantum jumps acquire a constructive character. Under these conditions, they drive the quantum battery to a fully charged state, render the entire stored energy extractable, and shorten the duration of the second stage of the charging protocol.