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<p>Oral biofilms are major etiological factors in dental caries and periodontitis and are often resistant to conventional anti-microbial therapies, particularly in mixed-species communities. Phytosphingosine (PHS), a naturally occurring bioactive sphingolipid, has demonstrated anti-microbial activity against several pathogens; however, its effects on mixed-species oral biofilms and inflammatory responses remain unclear. This study investigated the in vitro anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, and immunomodulatory activities of PHS against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i> in single- and dual-species biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a significant reduction in biofilm matrix formation in both single- and dual-species biofilms treated with PHS compared with untreated controls (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that cell viability remained above 90% following exposure to 5&#xa0;µg/ml PHS for 24&#xa0;h. Furthermore, PHS pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α production (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Collectively, these findings suggest that PHS is a promising dual-function agent with anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties and may have potential as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy for biofilm-associated oral diseases.</p>

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Phytosphingosine disrupts dual-species oral biofilms and attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in human gingival fibroblasts

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Nattaset Chamnanvinijchai,
  • Nicha Techawatcharathep,
  • Natnicha Ngerndee,
  • Sittikorn Teerawongwiwat,
  • Boonjira Anukul,
  • Panitan Jumjitvi,
  • Floris J. Bikker,
  • Kamran Nazmi,
  • Henderikus Pots,
  • Watcharapong Panthong,
  • Saharut Wongkaewkhiaw

摘要

Oral biofilms are major etiological factors in dental caries and periodontitis and are often resistant to conventional anti-microbial therapies, particularly in mixed-species communities. Phytosphingosine (PHS), a naturally occurring bioactive sphingolipid, has demonstrated anti-microbial activity against several pathogens; however, its effects on mixed-species oral biofilms and inflammatory responses remain unclear. This study investigated the in vitro anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, and immunomodulatory activities of PHS against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in single- and dual-species biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a significant reduction in biofilm matrix formation in both single- and dual-species biofilms treated with PHS compared with untreated controls (P < 0.001). Cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that cell viability remained above 90% following exposure to 5 µg/ml PHS for 24 h. Furthermore, PHS pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α production (P < 0.001). Collectively, these findings suggest that PHS is a promising dual-function agent with anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties and may have potential as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy for biofilm-associated oral diseases.