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<p>This study aimed to elucidate the differences between subjective and objective symptoms of edema during the menstrual cycle in female university students with regular menstruation. The study included 29 female university students with regular menstrual cycles. The menstrual cycle was categorized into the early follicular, mid-luteal, and late-luteal phases, and measurements were taken during each phase. Subjective symptoms were evaluated using body charts and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) to assess the presence of edema. Objective symptoms were measured using a body composition analyzer to assess body weight, body water content, and regional water content. In the evaluation of subjective symptoms of edema using the body chart, no significant differences were observed across cycles. However, when body regions were compared, there were significantly fewer subjective symptoms in the upper arm (Rt/Lt) than in the face and trunk across all phases, while the lower leg (Rt/Lt) had significantly more subjective symptoms. The MDQ (water retention item) showed no marked differences across cycles. For objective evaluations of edema, including body weight and total body water, no significant differences were observed across cycles; however, regional water content was significantly higher in the trunk and right arm during the mid-luteal and late-luteal phases than in the early follicular phase. Our findings suggest that the location and timing of subjective edema symptoms may differ from those of objective symptoms.</p>

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The difference between subjective symptoms and objective symptom of edema during the menstrual cycle

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Yuki Takano,
  • Tatuki Shirai,
  • Yudai Tanaka,
  • Kodai Sakamoto,
  • Hirotake Yokota,
  • Ryo Hirabayashi,
  • Tomonobu Ishigaki,
  • Makoto Komiya,
  • Mutsuaki Edama

摘要

This study aimed to elucidate the differences between subjective and objective symptoms of edema during the menstrual cycle in female university students with regular menstruation. The study included 29 female university students with regular menstrual cycles. The menstrual cycle was categorized into the early follicular, mid-luteal, and late-luteal phases, and measurements were taken during each phase. Subjective symptoms were evaluated using body charts and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) to assess the presence of edema. Objective symptoms were measured using a body composition analyzer to assess body weight, body water content, and regional water content. In the evaluation of subjective symptoms of edema using the body chart, no significant differences were observed across cycles. However, when body regions were compared, there were significantly fewer subjective symptoms in the upper arm (Rt/Lt) than in the face and trunk across all phases, while the lower leg (Rt/Lt) had significantly more subjective symptoms. The MDQ (water retention item) showed no marked differences across cycles. For objective evaluations of edema, including body weight and total body water, no significant differences were observed across cycles; however, regional water content was significantly higher in the trunk and right arm during the mid-luteal and late-luteal phases than in the early follicular phase. Our findings suggest that the location and timing of subjective edema symptoms may differ from those of objective symptoms.