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<p>Ligand-free Rh–Osnanotree nanostructures were designed to show superior third-order nonlinear optical properties and stable tip-localized plasmonic responses. The branched structures were synthesized by a surfactant-free co-reduction approach, and they showed ultrasharp tips (6–10&#xa0;nm radius), high aspect ratios, and well-distributed Rh/Os, which was verified by HR-TEM, EDS mapping, and XRD analysis. The specific surface area was as high as 127.4 m<sup>2</sup>/g, promoting strong light–matter interactions. UV–Vis-NIR absorption spectra showed dual plasmonic peaks at ~ 432&#xa0;nm and ~ 691&#xa0;nm corresponding to dipolar and multipolar localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). FDTD simulations and electron energy-loss spectroscopy revealed localized field enhancements of over 180 × in tip sites. Z-scan measurements with 800&#xa0;nm femtosecond pulses indicated a large nonlinear refractive index (n₂) of 3.1 × 10⁻<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/W and third-order susceptibility (χ<sup>3</sup>) of 8.4 × 10⁻<sup>1</sup>⁰ esu—almost an order of magnitude larger than that of conventional gold nanorodsThe optical nonlinearity and stability were seen by a two-photon absorption coefficient of 4.6&#xa0;cm/GW and optical damage threshold of 2.3&#xa0;J/cm<sup>2</sup>. These Rhosnabruk- Osnanotrees performed better in the thin-film optical modulators because they confirmed that they can be used in ultrasonic photonic, optoelectronic, and nonlinear sensing.</p>

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Rational design of ligand-free Rh–OsNanotrees for plasmonic tip localization and advanced third-order nonlinear optics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • S. Nandagopal,
  • A. Vasantharaj,
  • M. Dharmalingam,
  • B. Balasubramanian,
  • Kamalraj Subramaniam,
  • O. Cyril Mathew

摘要

Ligand-free Rh–Osnanotree nanostructures were designed to show superior third-order nonlinear optical properties and stable tip-localized plasmonic responses. The branched structures were synthesized by a surfactant-free co-reduction approach, and they showed ultrasharp tips (6–10 nm radius), high aspect ratios, and well-distributed Rh/Os, which was verified by HR-TEM, EDS mapping, and XRD analysis. The specific surface area was as high as 127.4 m2/g, promoting strong light–matter interactions. UV–Vis-NIR absorption spectra showed dual plasmonic peaks at ~ 432 nm and ~ 691 nm corresponding to dipolar and multipolar localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). FDTD simulations and electron energy-loss spectroscopy revealed localized field enhancements of over 180 × in tip sites. Z-scan measurements with 800 nm femtosecond pulses indicated a large nonlinear refractive index (n₂) of 3.1 × 10⁻13 cm2/W and third-order susceptibility (χ3) of 8.4 × 10⁻1⁰ esu—almost an order of magnitude larger than that of conventional gold nanorodsThe optical nonlinearity and stability were seen by a two-photon absorption coefficient of 4.6 cm/GW and optical damage threshold of 2.3 J/cm2. These Rhosnabruk- Osnanotrees performed better in the thin-film optical modulators because they confirmed that they can be used in ultrasonic photonic, optoelectronic, and nonlinear sensing.