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<p>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer high efficiency potential; however, their optical absorption is limited by the thin absorber layers required for efficient charge transport. Enhancing light harvesting without degrading electrical performance remains a key challenge for high-efficiency PSCs.In this study, four perovskite-based device architectures are systematically designed and numerically investigated to improve absorption through plasmonic light trapping, interfacial engineering, and tandem integration. Optical properties are analyzed using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, while electrical performance is evaluated via coupled finite-element drift–diffusion modeling under standard AM1.5G illumination.The studied configurations include a reference planar structure, a plasmonic design with hemispherical Ag nanostructures, a graphene–InP Schottky-based hybrid architecture, and a perovskite–InP tandem device. The plasmonic structure enhances long-wavelength absorption, increasing power conversion efficiency from 16.1% to 18.9% despite reduced absorber thickness. Incorporation of a graphene–InP interface further improves charge extraction, achieving an efficiency of approximately 24.8%. The tandem configuration provides the broadest spectral utilization, delivering a simulated efficiency of up to 32% through complementary absorption and voltage addition.These results demonstrate the importance of combined optical–electrical optimization and provide design guidelines for developing high-efficiency thin-film perovskite solar cells.</p>

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Simulation and performance analysis of nanostructure-based perovskite solar cells for improving their efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Amir Reza Firouzabadi,
  • Mohammad Reza Shayesteh,
  • Fakhralsadat Rastegari

摘要

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer high efficiency potential; however, their optical absorption is limited by the thin absorber layers required for efficient charge transport. Enhancing light harvesting without degrading electrical performance remains a key challenge for high-efficiency PSCs.In this study, four perovskite-based device architectures are systematically designed and numerically investigated to improve absorption through plasmonic light trapping, interfacial engineering, and tandem integration. Optical properties are analyzed using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, while electrical performance is evaluated via coupled finite-element drift–diffusion modeling under standard AM1.5G illumination.The studied configurations include a reference planar structure, a plasmonic design with hemispherical Ag nanostructures, a graphene–InP Schottky-based hybrid architecture, and a perovskite–InP tandem device. The plasmonic structure enhances long-wavelength absorption, increasing power conversion efficiency from 16.1% to 18.9% despite reduced absorber thickness. Incorporation of a graphene–InP interface further improves charge extraction, achieving an efficiency of approximately 24.8%. The tandem configuration provides the broadest spectral utilization, delivering a simulated efficiency of up to 32% through complementary absorption and voltage addition.These results demonstrate the importance of combined optical–electrical optimization and provide design guidelines for developing high-efficiency thin-film perovskite solar cells.