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<p>This contribution describes and discusses the first fossil record of a male imago belonging to the genus <i>Ecdyonurus</i> Eaton, 1868 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). The features of the genitalia, with the characteristic structure of the not projected apical sclerite of the penis lobes curved laterally, undoubtedly indicate its belonging to the subgenus <i>Helvetoraeticus</i> Bauernfeind &amp; Soldán, 2012. <i>Ecdyonurus</i> (<i>Helvetoraeticus</i>) <i>hoffeinsorum</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is established for a single adult specimen from the Eocene Baltic amber, and its taxonomical relationships are analysed. Furthermore, based on the unique structure of the mesonotal lateroparapsidal suture, we raise <i>Nestormeus</i> <b>stat. nov.</b> (formerly a subgenus of <i>Ecdyonurus</i> comprising two Eocene species, i.e. <i>Nestormeus leopoliensis</i> (Godunko, 2004) <b>comb. nov.</b> and <i>Nestormeus groehnorum</i> (Godunko, 2007) <b>comb. nov.</b>) to the genus level. The extant species of the subgenus <i>Helvetoraeticus</i> are known from Western Palearctic only, based on adults and obligatory rheophilous larvae inhabiting water courses of different types in the mountainous and foothills regions of Europe, Minor Asia and the Caucasus. Well-grounded description of a fossil representative of the rheophilic subgenus <i>Helvetoraeticus</i> in the Cenozoic resin of Europe is significant for future precise reconstructions of the ecological and biogeographic patterns of the freshwater Eocene fauna, as well as a reliable calibration point for time scaled phylogeny reconstructions. Given the lack of knowledge on the molecular diversity of <i>Ecdyonurus</i> genus, significant morphological variability of all life stages, the presence of endemic and potentially cryptic species, and insufficient knowledge of the distributional pattern of most <i>Helvetoraeticus</i> representatives, we analyse the available data on the genetic structure of the <i>Ecdyonurus</i> genus revealing high diversity and putative misidentifications, underscoring the taxonomic challenges within this group.</p>

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A new mayfly species of Ecdyonurus Eaton, 1868 from Eocene Baltic Amber and insights into the extant molecular diversity of the genus

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Wiktoria Cechowicz,
  • Piotr Gadawski,
  • Tomasz Mamos,
  • Roman J. Godunko

摘要

This contribution describes and discusses the first fossil record of a male imago belonging to the genus Ecdyonurus Eaton, 1868 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). The features of the genitalia, with the characteristic structure of the not projected apical sclerite of the penis lobes curved laterally, undoubtedly indicate its belonging to the subgenus Helvetoraeticus Bauernfeind & Soldán, 2012. Ecdyonurus (Helvetoraeticus) hoffeinsorum sp. nov. is established for a single adult specimen from the Eocene Baltic amber, and its taxonomical relationships are analysed. Furthermore, based on the unique structure of the mesonotal lateroparapsidal suture, we raise Nestormeus stat. nov. (formerly a subgenus of Ecdyonurus comprising two Eocene species, i.e. Nestormeus leopoliensis (Godunko, 2004) comb. nov. and Nestormeus groehnorum (Godunko, 2007) comb. nov.) to the genus level. The extant species of the subgenus Helvetoraeticus are known from Western Palearctic only, based on adults and obligatory rheophilous larvae inhabiting water courses of different types in the mountainous and foothills regions of Europe, Minor Asia and the Caucasus. Well-grounded description of a fossil representative of the rheophilic subgenus Helvetoraeticus in the Cenozoic resin of Europe is significant for future precise reconstructions of the ecological and biogeographic patterns of the freshwater Eocene fauna, as well as a reliable calibration point for time scaled phylogeny reconstructions. Given the lack of knowledge on the molecular diversity of Ecdyonurus genus, significant morphological variability of all life stages, the presence of endemic and potentially cryptic species, and insufficient knowledge of the distributional pattern of most Helvetoraeticus representatives, we analyse the available data on the genetic structure of the Ecdyonurus genus revealing high diversity and putative misidentifications, underscoring the taxonomic challenges within this group.