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<p>The conversion of waste materials into value-added functional photocatalysts represents a sustainable strategy for environmental restoration. Metal–organic frameworks (Cu-BDC) synthesized from waste-derived precursors were utilized as templates to construct CuO@ZnO n–n heterojunction photocatalysts. XRD analysis confirmed the growth of wurtzite ZnO and monoclinic CuO phases, as evidenced by selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns showing well-defined diffraction rings, indicating crystallinity. HRTEM revealed lattice spacings of 0.262&#xa0;nm and 0.232&#xa0;nm corresponding to ZnO (002) and CuO (111), respectively. DRS-Tauc analysis demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption and a narrowing of the bandgap from 3.1 to 2.89&#xa0;eV upon CuO incorporation. CuO<sub>0.25</sub>@ZnO achieved the highest photocatalytic performance, with 99.0% and 97.7% degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB), respectively. The degradation kinetics followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with rate constants of 0.025 and 0.024&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup> for MB and RhB, respectively, which were higher than those for pure ZnO. Photoelectrochemical measurements and photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed high charge separation and reduced recombination of CuO<sub>0.25</sub>@ZnO. Scavenger experiments and terephthalic acid fluorescence analysis confirmed the generation of reactive species, supporting a Z-scheme charge-transfer mechanism. Ultimately, we anticipate that this novel photocatalyst will have meaningful applications in the energy sector and environmental remediation.</p>

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Valorization of domestic wastes into Cu-MOF-derived CuO@ZnO nanocomposites for sustainable photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B dyes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • M. S. Samy,
  • H. M. Abou El Nadar,
  • E. A. Gomaa,
  • Amr Awad Ibrahim,
  • Mina Shawky Adly

摘要

The conversion of waste materials into value-added functional photocatalysts represents a sustainable strategy for environmental restoration. Metal–organic frameworks (Cu-BDC) synthesized from waste-derived precursors were utilized as templates to construct CuO@ZnO n–n heterojunction photocatalysts. XRD analysis confirmed the growth of wurtzite ZnO and monoclinic CuO phases, as evidenced by selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns showing well-defined diffraction rings, indicating crystallinity. HRTEM revealed lattice spacings of 0.262 nm and 0.232 nm corresponding to ZnO (002) and CuO (111), respectively. DRS-Tauc analysis demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption and a narrowing of the bandgap from 3.1 to 2.89 eV upon CuO incorporation. CuO0.25@ZnO achieved the highest photocatalytic performance, with 99.0% and 97.7% degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB), respectively. The degradation kinetics followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with rate constants of 0.025 and 0.024 min−1 for MB and RhB, respectively, which were higher than those for pure ZnO. Photoelectrochemical measurements and photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed high charge separation and reduced recombination of CuO0.25@ZnO. Scavenger experiments and terephthalic acid fluorescence analysis confirmed the generation of reactive species, supporting a Z-scheme charge-transfer mechanism. Ultimately, we anticipate that this novel photocatalyst will have meaningful applications in the energy sector and environmental remediation.