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<p>Recent discoveries of <i>Microsporidia MB</i> in <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes and its demonstrated capacity to block malaria transmission suggest that it could be a promising candidate for a symbiont-based malaria control strategy. However, the diversity of <i>Microsporidia MB</i>, particularly in major malaria vector such as <i>An. coluzzii</i>, remains unstudied in Cameroon. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of <i>Microsporidia MB</i>, along with its maternal transmission in natural populations of <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes in Cameroon. An entomological survey was conducted across four localities in Cameroon. PCR targeting the ribosomal RNA gene was used to detect the <i>Microsporidia MB</i> 18S sequence. Positive samples were validated by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, the maternal transmission of <i>Microsporidia MB</i> was assessed by detecting its presence in F<sub>1</sub> mosquitoes derived from F<sub>0</sub> females that tested positive. Additionally, we examined the potential correlation between <i>Microsporidia MB</i> and <i>P. falciparum</i>. A total of 2559 mosquitoes, belonging to three species (<i>An. coluzzii</i>, <i>An. arabiensis</i>, and <i>An. gambiae</i>) were collected. <i>Microsporidia MB</i> infection was detected exclusively in <i>An. coluzzii</i> from Gounougou, with a prevalence of 1.13% (n = 29). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the <i>Microsporidia MB</i> strains detected in Cameroon were closely related to those found in Kenya. Evidence of vertical transmission was confirmed, with rates ranging from 50 to 100%, from F<sub>0</sub> parents to F<sub>1</sub> offspring, regardless of sex. Notably, none of the <i>Microsporidia MB</i>-positive mosquitoes carried <i>P. falciparum</i>. This study provides field-based evidence of <i>Microsporidia MB</i> presence in <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes in Cameroon. Further research should explore the stability of vertical transmission and the influence of this <i>Microsporidia MB</i> symbiont on <i>Plasmodium</i> development.</p>

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Molecular detection and maternal transmission of Microsporidia MB in the field-caught Anopheles coluzzii in Cameroon

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Maurice Marcel Sandeu,
  • Ghislaine Flore Tamko Mella,
  • Claudine Grâce Maffo Tatsinkou,
  • Ornella Possi,
  • Carlos S. Djoko Tagne,
  • Solange Meyin A. Ebong,
  • François-Xavier Etoa,
  • Flobert Njiokou,
  • Nsa Dada,
  • Charles S. Wondji

摘要

Recent discoveries of Microsporidia MB in Anopheles mosquitoes and its demonstrated capacity to block malaria transmission suggest that it could be a promising candidate for a symbiont-based malaria control strategy. However, the diversity of Microsporidia MB, particularly in major malaria vector such as An. coluzzii, remains unstudied in Cameroon. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Microsporidia MB, along with its maternal transmission in natural populations of Anopheles mosquitoes in Cameroon. An entomological survey was conducted across four localities in Cameroon. PCR targeting the ribosomal RNA gene was used to detect the Microsporidia MB 18S sequence. Positive samples were validated by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, the maternal transmission of Microsporidia MB was assessed by detecting its presence in F1 mosquitoes derived from F0 females that tested positive. Additionally, we examined the potential correlation between Microsporidia MB and P. falciparum. A total of 2559 mosquitoes, belonging to three species (An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis, and An. gambiae) were collected. Microsporidia MB infection was detected exclusively in An. coluzzii from Gounougou, with a prevalence of 1.13% (n = 29). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Microsporidia MB strains detected in Cameroon were closely related to those found in Kenya. Evidence of vertical transmission was confirmed, with rates ranging from 50 to 100%, from F0 parents to F1 offspring, regardless of sex. Notably, none of the Microsporidia MB-positive mosquitoes carried P. falciparum. This study provides field-based evidence of Microsporidia MB presence in Anopheles mosquitoes in Cameroon. Further research should explore the stability of vertical transmission and the influence of this Microsporidia MB symbiont on Plasmodium development.