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<p>This study is the first to numerically evaluate the thermal performance of MPCM-enhanced autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) bricks combined with an auxiliary heater plate for passive space heating in cold and freezing climates. A two-dimensional finite-volume CFD model with time-dependent outdoor boundary conditions and an apparent-heat-capacity formulation for phase change is developed and implemented in a custom C++ solver. The effects of MPCM volume fraction (φ = 0, 4, 8, 12%) and heater-plate heat flux (q″<sub>hp</sub> = 0, 50, 100, 150 W/m<sup>2</sup>) are examined over a 24 h cycle with outdoor temperature varying between −15 and 15 °C. Indoor surface temperature (T<sub>is</sub>), indoor heat flux (q<sub>is</sub>), MPCM melting fraction (MF), and daily power consumption (DPC) are employed as performance indicators. For q″ = 100–150 W/m<sup>2</sup>, φ = 8–12% reduces peak T<sub>is</sub> by about 1–2 °C and peak q<sub>is</sub> by roughly 15–25%, while raising minimum values and delaying the peak by 1 h. At these heater powers, DPC drops from about 0.31–0.34 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> for plain AAC to 0.24–0.28 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> (0–30% saving) with MPCM, demonstrating the potential of the proposed AAC–MPCM–heater configuration for peak-load mitigation and energy-efficient envelope design in cold climates. Moreover, over a 40-year service life, the techno-economic analysis shows that 4 vol% MCPCM delivers the highest returns, with NPV = $11,689–$15,970 and IRR = 13.55–17.45% across q’'=0–150 W/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>

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Thermal and economic performance of MPCM-enhanced AAC bricks combined with an auxiliary heater plate in cold and freezing climates: A numerical investigation

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Naif Albelwi

摘要

This study is the first to numerically evaluate the thermal performance of MPCM-enhanced autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) bricks combined with an auxiliary heater plate for passive space heating in cold and freezing climates. A two-dimensional finite-volume CFD model with time-dependent outdoor boundary conditions and an apparent-heat-capacity formulation for phase change is developed and implemented in a custom C++ solver. The effects of MPCM volume fraction (φ = 0, 4, 8, 12%) and heater-plate heat flux (q″hp = 0, 50, 100, 150 W/m2) are examined over a 24 h cycle with outdoor temperature varying between −15 and 15 °C. Indoor surface temperature (Tis), indoor heat flux (qis), MPCM melting fraction (MF), and daily power consumption (DPC) are employed as performance indicators. For q″ = 100–150 W/m2, φ = 8–12% reduces peak Tis by about 1–2 °C and peak qis by roughly 15–25%, while raising minimum values and delaying the peak by 1 h. At these heater powers, DPC drops from about 0.31–0.34 kWh/m2 for plain AAC to 0.24–0.28 kWh/m2 (0–30% saving) with MPCM, demonstrating the potential of the proposed AAC–MPCM–heater configuration for peak-load mitigation and energy-efficient envelope design in cold climates. Moreover, over a 40-year service life, the techno-economic analysis shows that 4 vol% MCPCM delivers the highest returns, with NPV = $11,689–$15,970 and IRR = 13.55–17.45% across q’'=0–150 W/m2.