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<p>Current therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) demonstrate limited efficacy and fail to address disease progression. In the present study, we present HSN-G1, a novel ginsenoside-enriched pharmaceutical formulation that employs a dual-target mechanism through the modulation of amyloid clearance pathways and cholinergic neurotransmission. HSN-G1 demonstrates a reproducible ginsenoside profile enriched with Re (33.27&#xa0;mg/g), Rd (25.00&#xa0;mg/g), and Rg3 stereoisomers (12.18&#xa0;mg/g), ensuring pharmaceutical-grade reproducibility. HSN-G1 enhanced amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance in microglial cells, with significantly greater effects observed in SRA-overexpressing cells, suggesting SRA-dependent clearance mechanisms. In APP/PS1 transgenic mice, six-week oral administration of HSN-G1 (100–400&#xa0;mg/kg) elicited significant dose-dependent improvements in cognitive performance. Male mice exhibited more stable and consistent enhancements in both passive avoidance and spatial memory tests compared to vehicle controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while both sexes demonstrated comparable reductions in brain Aβ levels (approximately 45%) and differential increases in acetylcholine (73% in males; 55% in females, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). HSN-G1 administration enhanced the expression of neurotrophic factors, with NGF upregulation predominantly observed in males, whereas BDNF, CNTF, and GDNF were consistently elevated across both sexes. These findings establish HSN-G1 as a promising disease-modifying agent with standardized composition and therapeutic efficacy, surpassing the limitations of conventional single-target approaches. The superior efficacy of HSN-G1 compared to existing treatments validates its potential for clinical development, highlighting the significance of sex-specific therapeutic responses in future AD therapeutics.</p>

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HSN G1 demonstrates multifaceted therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer disease in APP PS1 mouse model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Jeong Won Ahn,
  • Eun-Jung Yoon,
  • Hyun Soo Kim,
  • Yunseo Choi,
  • Jiwon Jeong,
  • Kongara Damodar,
  • Yeong-Min Yoo,
  • Dongsun Park,
  • Seong Soo Joo

摘要

Current therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) demonstrate limited efficacy and fail to address disease progression. In the present study, we present HSN-G1, a novel ginsenoside-enriched pharmaceutical formulation that employs a dual-target mechanism through the modulation of amyloid clearance pathways and cholinergic neurotransmission. HSN-G1 demonstrates a reproducible ginsenoside profile enriched with Re (33.27 mg/g), Rd (25.00 mg/g), and Rg3 stereoisomers (12.18 mg/g), ensuring pharmaceutical-grade reproducibility. HSN-G1 enhanced amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance in microglial cells, with significantly greater effects observed in SRA-overexpressing cells, suggesting SRA-dependent clearance mechanisms. In APP/PS1 transgenic mice, six-week oral administration of HSN-G1 (100–400 mg/kg) elicited significant dose-dependent improvements in cognitive performance. Male mice exhibited more stable and consistent enhancements in both passive avoidance and spatial memory tests compared to vehicle controls (p < 0.001), while both sexes demonstrated comparable reductions in brain Aβ levels (approximately 45%) and differential increases in acetylcholine (73% in males; 55% in females, p < 0.01). HSN-G1 administration enhanced the expression of neurotrophic factors, with NGF upregulation predominantly observed in males, whereas BDNF, CNTF, and GDNF were consistently elevated across both sexes. These findings establish HSN-G1 as a promising disease-modifying agent with standardized composition and therapeutic efficacy, surpassing the limitations of conventional single-target approaches. The superior efficacy of HSN-G1 compared to existing treatments validates its potential for clinical development, highlighting the significance of sex-specific therapeutic responses in future AD therapeutics.