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<p>Grouting in fractured rock masses is crucial for seepage prevention and reinforcement in underground engineering, yet the process remains poorly understood due to its concealment and complex grout-rock coupling. Using a self-developed visualization system, this study simulated grouting in a single planar fracture with four chemical grouts: acrylate, modified urea-formaldehyde, epoxy, and polyurethane. The entire process—including diffusion patterns, pressure evolution, fracture deformation, and post-curing seepage—was monitored, revealing the coupled seepage-deformation mechanisms during grouting, secondary migration, and stabilization. Under the grouting parameters used in this study, the results indicate that: under the 0.1&#xa0;mm initial fracture aperture, polyurethane and acrylate diffuse best, epoxy worst. All grouts underwent secondary migration; polyurethane’s area expanded 160.7% (active expansion), others increased 34.3–77.6% (passive decay). Fracture grouting comprises injection, secondary migration, and stabilization stages. Impermeability varied: epoxy had high initial breakthrough pressure but dropped sharply; polyurethane showed adaptive cycles; modified urea-formaldehyde had high breakthrough but low stable pressure; acrylate had low peak pressure and reversible deformation but insufficient stiffness. This work provides a basis for material selection and process optimization.</p>

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Simulated study on the grout-rock coupling mechanism and impermeability of chemical grouting materials in a single fracture

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Ziwei Qian,
  • Shenyang He

摘要

Grouting in fractured rock masses is crucial for seepage prevention and reinforcement in underground engineering, yet the process remains poorly understood due to its concealment and complex grout-rock coupling. Using a self-developed visualization system, this study simulated grouting in a single planar fracture with four chemical grouts: acrylate, modified urea-formaldehyde, epoxy, and polyurethane. The entire process—including diffusion patterns, pressure evolution, fracture deformation, and post-curing seepage—was monitored, revealing the coupled seepage-deformation mechanisms during grouting, secondary migration, and stabilization. Under the grouting parameters used in this study, the results indicate that: under the 0.1 mm initial fracture aperture, polyurethane and acrylate diffuse best, epoxy worst. All grouts underwent secondary migration; polyurethane’s area expanded 160.7% (active expansion), others increased 34.3–77.6% (passive decay). Fracture grouting comprises injection, secondary migration, and stabilization stages. Impermeability varied: epoxy had high initial breakthrough pressure but dropped sharply; polyurethane showed adaptive cycles; modified urea-formaldehyde had high breakthrough but low stable pressure; acrylate had low peak pressure and reversible deformation but insufficient stiffness. This work provides a basis for material selection and process optimization.